Cognitive Improvement

    Researchedby:
    Brady Holmer
    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    Cognitive improvement refers to an increase in performance on tasks of mental abilities including learning, thinking, memory, problem solving, logical reasoning, decision making, and attention.

    Cognitive Improvement falls under the Brain Health category.

    25,812 participants in 160 trials and 10 meta-analyses

    Examine Database: Cognitive Improvement

    Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)
    Theanine
    Bacopa Monnieri
    Caffeine
    Cannabis
    Fish Oil
    Creatine
    Ginkgo Biloba
    L-Tyrosine
    Binaural Beats
    Piracetam
    Rhodiola Rosea
    Cocoa Extract
    DHEA
    Grape Juice
    L-Carnitine
    Lemon Balm
    Ashwagandha
    Branched-Chain Amino Acids
    Energy Drinks
    Kanna
    Mediterranean Diet
    Nicotine
    Phosphatidylserine
    Pramiracetam
    Saffron
    Zinc
    Beta-Alanine
    Black Cohosh
    Black seed
    CDP-Choline
    Chlorogenic Acid
    Choline
    Coconut Oil
    D-Serine
    Docosahexaenoic Acid
    Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
    Ginger
    Gotu Kola
    Green Tea Extract
    Inositol
    Iron
    Kava
    Melatonin
    Nitrate
    Oxiracetam
    PRL-8-53
    Peppermint
    Policosanol
    Pycnogenol
    Red Clover Extract
    Resveratrol
    Vinpocetine
    Vitamin E
    Yohimbine

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Examine Database References

    1. Memory - Smillie LD, Gökçen ECaffeine enhances working memory for extravertsBiol Psychol.(2010 Dec)
    2. Memory - Childs E, de Wit HSubjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of acute caffeine in light, nondependent caffeine usersPsychopharmacology (Berl).(2006 May)
    3. Memory - Adan A, Serra-Grabulosa JMEffects of caffeine and glucose, alone and combined, on cognitive performanceHum Psychopharmacol.(2010 Jun)
    4. Memory - Mednick SC, Cai DJ, Kanady J, Drummond SPComparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and perceptual memoryBehav Brain Res.(2008 Nov 3)
    5. Memory - Ker K, Edwards PJ, Felix LM, Blackhall K, Roberts ICaffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2010-May-12)
    6. Reaction Time - Duvnjak-Zaknich DM, Dawson BT, Wallman KE, Henry GEffect of caffeine on reactive agility time when fresh and fatiguedMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2011 Aug)
    7. Reaction Time - Irwin C, Khalesi S, Desbrow B, McCartney DEffects of acute caffeine consumption following sleep loss on cognitive, physical, occupational and driving performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.(2020-Jan)
    8. Reaction Time - Lorenzo Calvo J, Fei X, Domínguez R, Pareja-Galeano HCaffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2021-Mar-06)
    9. Fatigue Symptoms - Gillingham R, Keefe AA, Keillor J, Tikuisis PEffect of caffeine on target detection and rifle marksmanshipErgonomics.(2003 Dec 15)
    10. Anxiety Symptoms - Rogers PJ, Hohoff C, Heatherley SV, Mullings EL, Maxfield PJ, Evershed RP, Deckert J, Nutt DJAssociation of the anxiogenic and alerting effects of caffeine with ADORA2A and ADORA1 polymorphisms and habitual level of caffeine consumptionNeuropsychopharmacology.(2010 Aug)
    11. Memory - Spiers PA, Myers D, Hochanadel GS, Lieberman HR, Wurtman RJCiticoline improves verbal memory in agingArch Neurol.(1996 May)
    12. Memory - Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Bose SEfficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive FunctionsJ Diet Suppl.(2017 Nov 2)
    13. Reaction Time - Pingali U, Pilli R, Fatima NEffect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participantsPharmacognosy Res.(2014 Jan)
    14. Memory - Deuster PA, Singh A, Coll R, Hyde DE, Becker WJCholine ingestion does not modify physical or cognitive performanceMil Med.(2002 Dec)
    15. Memory - E Tempesta, R Troncon, L Janiri, L Colusso, P Riscica, G Saraceni, E Gesmundo, M Calvani, N Benedetti, P PolaRole of acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of cognitive deficit in chronic alcoholismInt J Clin Pharmacol Res.(1990)
    16. Memory - David Benton, Rachael T DonohoeThe influence on cognition of the interactions between lecithin, carnitine and carbohydratePsychopharmacology (Berl).(2004 Aug)
    17. Fatigue Symptoms - Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, Vacante M, Colonna V, Motta ML-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Dec)
    18. Memory - Ehsan Moazen-Zadeh, Seyed Hesameddin Abbasi, Hamideh Safi-Aghdam, Nazila Shahmansouri, Akram Arjmandi-Beglar, Azita Hajhosseinn Talasaz, Abbas Salehiomran, Saeedeh Forghani, Shahin AkhondzadehEffects of Saffron on Cognition, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled TrialJ Altern Complement Med.(2018 Apr)
    19. Cognitive Decline - Magda Tsolaki, Elina Karathanasi, Ioulietta Lazarou, Kostas Dovas, Eleni Verykouki, Anastasios Karacostas, Kostas Georgiadis, Anthoula Tsolaki, Katerina Adam, Ioannis Kompatsiaris, Zacharias SinakosEfficacy and Safety of Crocus sativus L. in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: One Year Single-Blind Randomized, with Parallel Groups, Clinical TrialJ Alzheimers Dis.(2016 Jul 27)
    20. Memory - Mark Moss, Steven Hewitt, Lucy Moss, Keith WesnesModulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylangInt J Neurosci.(2008 Jan)
    21. Memory - Pase MP, Scholey AB, Pipingas A, Kras M, Nolidin K, Gibbs A, Wesnes K, Stough CCocoa polyphenols enhance positive mood states but not cognitive performance: a randomized, placebo-controlled trialJ Psychopharmacol.(2013 May)
    22. Memory - Crews WD Jr, Harrison DW, Wright JWA double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(2008 Apr)
    23. Attention - Francis ST, Head K, Morris PG, Macdonald IAThe effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young peopleJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol.(2006)
    24. Memory - Jeong-Hwan Lim, Hyeri Kim, Chuljin Jeon, Soohyun ChoThe effects on mental fatigue and the cognitive function of mechanical massage and binaural beats (brain massage) provided by massage chairsComplement Ther Clin Pract.(2018 Aug)
    25. Memory - Miguel Garcia-Argibay, Miguel A Santed, José M RealesBinaural auditory beats affect long-term memoryPsychol Res.(2019 Sep)
    26. Cognition - J D Lane, S J Kasian, J E Owens, G R MarshBinaural auditory beats affect vigilance performance and moodPhysiol Behav.(1998 Jan)
    27. Attention - Hessel Engelbregt, Nora Meijburg, Marjolein Schulten, Oliver Pogarell, Jan Berend DeijenThe Effects of Binaural and Monoaural Beat Stimulation on Cognitive Functioning in Subjects with Different Levels of EmotionalityAdv Cogn Psychol.(2019 Aug 30)
    28. Working Memory - Christine Beauchene, Nicole Abaid, Rosalyn Moran, Rachel A Diana, Alexander LeonessaThe effect of binaural beats on verbal working memory and cortical connectivityJ Neural Eng.(2017 Apr)
    29. Working Memory - Christine Beauchene, Nicole Abaid, Rosalyn Moran, Rachel A Diana, Alexander LeonessaThe Effect of Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Working Memory and Cortical ConnectivityPLoS One.(2016 Nov 28)
    30. Creativity - Susan A Reedijk, Anne Bolders, Bernhard HommelThe impact of binaural beats on creativityFront Hum Neurosci.(2013 Nov 14)
    31. Memory - Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey ABAcute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserineHum Psychopharmacol.(2007 Jun)
    32. Memory - Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Wesnes KAModulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adultsPhysiol Behav.(2002 Apr 15)
    33. Memory - Mix JA, Crews WD JrAn examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on the neuropsychologic functioning of cognitively intact older adultsJ Altern Complement Med.(2000 Jun)
    34. Memory - Mix JA, Crews WD JrA double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findingsHum Psychopharmacol.(2002 Aug)
    35. Processing Accuracy - Andrew B Scholey, David O KennedyAcute, dose-dependent cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng and their combination in healthy young volunteers: differential interactions with cognitive demandHum Psychopharmacol.(2002 Jan)
    36. Cognition - Santos RF, Galduróz JC, Barbieri A, Castiglioni ML, Ytaya LY, Bueno OFCognitive performance, SPECT, and blood viscosity in elderly non-demented people using Ginkgo bilobaPharmacopsychiatry.(2003 Jul)
    37. Cognition - Yancheva S, Ihl R, Nikolova G, Panayotov P, Schlaefke S, Hoerr R, GINDON Study GroupGinkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R), donepezil or both combined in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with neuropsychiatric features: a randomised, double-blind, exploratory trialAging Ment Health.(2009 Mar)
    38. Cerebral Blood Flow - Ameneh Mashayekh, Dzung L Pham, David M Yousem, Mercedes Dizon, Peter B Barker, Doris D M LinEffects of Ginkgo biloba on cerebral blood flow assessed by quantitative MR perfusion imaging: a pilot studyNeuroradiology.(2011 Mar)
    39. Cognitive Decline - Ihl R, Tribanek M, Bachinskaya N, GOTADAY Study GroupEfficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trialPharmacopsychiatry.(2012 Mar)
    40. Memory - Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, Downey LA, Hutchison CW, Rodgers T, Nathan PJThe chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjectsPsychopharmacology (Berl).(2001 Aug)
    41. Memory - Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker JChronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memoryNeuropsychopharmacology.(2002 Aug)
    42. Memory - Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken BEffects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialJ Altern Complement Med.(2008 Jul)
    43. Memory - Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, Silber B, Redman S, Hutchison C, Wesnes K, Nathan PJExamining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trialPhytother Res.(2008 Dec)
    44. Memory - Grace M McPhee, Luke A Downey, Keith A Wesnes, Con StoughThe Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older AdultsFront Aging Neurosci.(2021 Feb 22)
    45. Memory - Nathan PJ, Clarke J, Lloyd J, Hutchison CW, Downey L, Stough CThe acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy normal subjectsHum Psychopharmacol.(2001 Jun)
    46. Memory - Tatimah Peth-Nui, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, Supaporn Muchimapura, Terdthai Tong-Un, Nawanant Piyavhatkul, Poonsri Rangseekajee, Kornkanok Ingkaninan, Sakchai Vittaya-AreekulEffects of 12-Week Bacopa monnieri Consumption on Attention, Cognitive Processing, Working Memory, and Functions of Both Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems in Healthy Elderly VolunteersEvid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2012)
    47. Memory - Navneet Kumar, L G Abichandani, Vijay Thawani, K J Gharpure, M U R Naidu, G Venkat RamanaEfficacy of Standardized Extract of Bacopa monnieri (Bacognize®) on Cognitive Functions of Medical Students: A Six-Week, Randomized Placebo-Controlled TrialEvid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2016)
    48. Memory - Sathyanarayanan V, Thomas T, Einöther SJ, Dobriyal R, Joshi MK, Krishnamachari SBrahmi for the better? New findings challenging cognition and anti-anxiety effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) in healthy adultsPsychopharmacology (Berl).(2013 Jan 26)
    49. Memory - Luke A Downey, James Kean, Fiona Nemeh, Angela Lau, Alex Poll, Rebecca Gregory, Margaret Murray, Johanna Rourke, Brigit Patak, Matthew P Pase, Andrea Zangara, Justine Lomas, Andrew Scholey, Con StoughAn acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on sustained cognitive performancePhytother Res.(2013 Sep)
    50. Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms - Sudesh Prabhakar, Venugopalan Y Vishnu, Manish Modi, Manju Mohanty, Anchal Sharma, Bikas Medhi, B R Mittal, Niranjan Khandelwal, Manoj K Goyal, Vivek Lal, Rajesh Singla, Avinash Kansal, Ajit AvasthiEfficacy of Bacopa Monnieri (Brahmi) and Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Double-Blind Parallel Phase 2b StudyAnn Indian Acad Neurol.(Nov-Dec 2020)
    51. Memory - Bin Sayeed MS, Asaduzzaman M, Morshed H, Hossain MM, Kadir MF, Rahman MRThe effect of Nigella sativa Linn. seed on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteersJ Ethnopharmacol.(2013 Jul 30)
    52. Memory - Howes JB, Bray K, Lorenz L, Smerdely P, Howes LGThe effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal womenClimacteric.(2004 Mar)
    53. Memory - Kennedy DO, Wake G, Savelev S, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA, Scholey ABModulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding propertiesNeuropsychopharmacology.(2003 Oct)
    54. Memory - Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KAModulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm)Pharmacol Biochem Behav.(2002 Jul)
    55. Anxiety Symptoms - Dimpfel W, Pischel I, Lehnfeld REffects of lozenge containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemon balm and oat on electrical brain activity of volunteersEur J Med Res.(2004 Sep 29)
    56. Memory - Krikorian R, Boespflug EL, Fleck DE, Stein AL, Wightman JD, Shidler MD, Sadat-Hossieny SConcord grape juice supplementation and neurocognitive function in human agingJ Agric Food Chem.(2012 Jun 13)
    57. Memory - Krikorian R, Nash TA, Shidler MD, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JAConcord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairmentBr J Nutr.(2010 Mar)
    58. Memory - Haskell-Ramsay CF, Stuart RC, Okello EJ, Watson AWCognitive and mood improvements following acute supplementation with purple grape juice in healthy young adultsEur J Nutr.(2017 Dec)
    59. Memory - Maki PM, Rubin LH, Fornelli D, Drogos L, Banuvar S, Shulman LP, Geller SEEffects of botanicals and combined hormone therapy on cognition in postmenopausal womenMenopause.(2009 Nov-Dec)
    60. Memory - Chiu S, Gericke N, Farina-Woodbury M, Badmaev V, Raheb H, Terpstra K, Antongiorgi J, Bureau Y, Cernovsky Z, Hou J, Sanchez V, Williams M, Copen J, Husni M, Goble LProof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study of Cognition Effects of the Proprietary Extract Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin) Targeting Phosphodiesterase-4 in Cognitively Healthy Subjects: Implications for Alzheimer's DementiaEvid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2014)
    61. Reaction Time - Terburg D, Syal S, Rosenberger LA, Heany S, Phillips N, Gericke N, Stein DJ, van Honk JAcute effects of Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin), a dual 5-HT reuptake and PDE4 inhibitor, in the human amygdala and its connection to the hypothalamusNeuropsychopharmacology.(2013 Dec)
    62. Memory - Subhan Z, Hindmarch IPsychopharmacological effects of vinpocetine in normal healthy volunteersEur J Clin Pharmacol.(1985)
    63. Memory - McMorris T, Harris RC, Swain J, Corbett J, Collard K, Dyson RJ, Dye L, Hodgson C, Draper NEffect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisolPsychopharmacology (Berl).(2006 Mar)
    64. Memory - McMorris T, Harris RC, Howard AN, Langridge G, Hall B, Corbett J, Dicks M, Hodgson CCreatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behaviorPhysiol Behav.(2007 Jan 30)
    65. Memory - Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Triantafyllidis KK, Kechagias KS, Forbes SC, Candow DGEffects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Rev.(2023-Mar-10)
    66. Cognition - McMorris T, Mielcarz G, Harris RC, Swain JP, Howard ACreatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individualsNeuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn.(2007 Sep)
    67. Cognition - Benton D, Donohoe RThe influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivoresBr J Nutr.(2011 Apr)
    68. Cognition - Rae C, Digney AL, McEwan SR, Bates TCOral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trialProc Biol Sci.(2003 Oct 22)
    69. Cognition - Rawson ES, Lieberman HR, Walsh TM, Zuber SM, Harhart JM, Matthews TCCreatine supplementation does not improve cognitive function in young adultsPhysiol Behav.(2008 Sep 3)
    70. Fatigue Symptoms - Watanabe A, Kato N, Kato TEffects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenationNeurosci Res.(2002 Apr)
    71. Alertness - Pan JW, Takahashi KCerebral energetic effects of creatine supplementation in humansAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.(2007 Apr)
    72. Memory - De Vreese LP, Neri M, Boiardi R, Ferrari P, Belloi L, Salvioli GMemory training and drug therapy act differently on memory and metamemory functioning: evidence from a pilot studyArch Gerontol Geriatr.(1996)
    73. Forgetting - Mauri M, Sinforiani E, Reverberi F, Merlo P, Bono GPramiracetam effects on scopolamine-induced amnesia in healthy volunteersArch Gerontol Geriatr.(1994 Mar-Apr)
    74. Memory - Antypa N, Van der Does AJ, Smelt AH, Rogers RDOmega-3 fatty acids (fish-oil) and depression-related cognition in healthy volunteersJ Psychopharmacol.(2009 Sep)
    75. Memory - Rajesh Narendran, William G. Frankle, Neale S. Mason, Matthew F. Muldoon, Bita MoghaddamImproved Working Memory but No Effect on Striatal Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 after Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid SupplementationPLoS.()
    76. Reaction Time - Fontani G, Corradeschi F, Felici A, Alfatti F, Migliorini S, Lodi LCognitive and physiological effects of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in healthy subjectsEur J Clin Invest.(2005 Nov)
    77. Cognition - Sandrine Andrieu, Sophie Guyonnet, Nicola Coley, Christelle Cantet, Marc Bonnefoy, Serge Bordes, Lawrence Bories, Marie-Noëlle Cufi, Thierry Dantoine, Jean-François Dartigues, Françoise Desclaux, Audrey Gabelle, Yannick Gasnier, Alain Pesce, Kristel Sudres, Jacques Touchon, Philippe Robert, Olivier Rouaud, Philippe Legrand, Pierre Payoux, Jean-Paul Caubere, Michael Weiner, Isabelle Carrié, Pierre-Jean Ousset, Bruno Vellas, MAPT Study GroupEffect of long-term omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation with or without multidomain intervention on cognitive function in elderly adults with memory complaints (MAPT): a randomised, placebo-controlled trialLancet Neurol.(2017 May)
    78. Attention - Jane Pei-Chen Chang, Kuan-Pin Su, Valeria Mondelli, Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan, Hui-Ting Yang, Yi-Ju Chiang, Hui-Ting Chen, Carmine M ParianteHigh-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves attention and vigilance in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low endogenous EPA levelsTransl Psychiatry.(2019 Nov 20)
    79. Attention - Widenhorn-Müller K, Schwanda S, Scholz E, Spitzer M, Bode HEffect of supplementation with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on behavior and cognition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized placebo-controlled intervention trialProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.(2014 Jul-Aug)
    80. Cerebral Blood Flow - Jackson PA, Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DODHA-rich oil modulates the cerebral haemodynamic response to cognitive tasks in healthy young adults: a near IR spectroscopy pilot studyBr J Nutr.(2012 Apr)
    81. Cognitive Decline - Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, Launer LJ, Grodstein F, Bernstein PS, Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research GroupEffect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lutein/Zeaxanthin, or Other Nutrient Supplementation on Cognitive Function: The AREDS2 Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA.(2015 Aug 25)
    82. Cognitive Decline - Yurko-Mauro K, McCarthy D, Rom D, Nelson EB, Ryan AS, Blackwell A, Salem N Jr, Stedman M; MIDAS InvestigatorsBeneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive declineAlzheimers Dement.(2010 Nov)
    83. Depression Symptoms - Llorente AM, Jensen CL, Voigt RG, Fraley JK, Berretta MC, Heird WCEffect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on postpartum depression and information processingAm J Obstet Gynecol.(2003 May)
    84. Memory - Hansl NR, Mead BTPRL-8-53: enhanced learning and subsequent retention in humans as a result of low oral doses of new psychotropic agentPsychopharmacology (Berl).(1978 Apr 11)
    85. Memory - Saenghong N, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Tongun T, Piyavhatkul N, Banchonglikitkul C, Kajsongkram TZingiber officinale Improves Cognitive Function of the Middle-Aged Healthy WomenEvid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2012)
    86. Memory - Kang JH, Cook N, Manson J, Buring JE, Grodstein FA randomized trial of vitamin E supplementation and cognitive function in womenArch Intern Med.(2006 Dec 11-25)
    87. Memory - Dimond SJ, Brouwers EMIncrease in the power of human memory in normal man through the use of drugsPsychopharmacology (Berl).(1976 Sep 29)
    88. Cognition - E Sinforiani, M Iannuccelli, M Mauri, A Costa, P Merlo, G Bono, G NappiNeuropsychological changes in demented patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitineInt J Clin Pharmacol Res.(1990)
    89. Cognitive Decline - Israel L, Melac M, Milinkevitch D, Dubos GDrug therapy and memory training programs: a double-blind randomized trial of general practice patients with age-associated memory impairmentInt Psychogeriatr.(1994 Fall)
    90. Cognitive Decline - Kretschmar JH, Kretschmar CH[On the dose-effect relationship in the therapy with piracetam (author's transl)]Arzneimittelforschung.(1976)
    91. Memory - Gutema BT, Sorrie MB, Megersa ND, Yesera GE, Yeshitila YG, Pauwels NS, De Henauw S, Abbeddou SEffects of iron supplementation on cognitive development in school-age children: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One.(2023)
    92. Memory - McBean L, O'Reilly SDiet quality interventions to prevent neurocognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eur J Clin Nutr.(2022-Aug)
    93. Cognition - David G Loughrey, Sara Lavecchia, Sabina Brennan, Brian A Lawlor, Michelle E KellyThe Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on the Cognitive Functioning of Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAdv Nutr.(2017 Jul 14)
    94. Memory - David S Wald, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Mark SimmondsEffect of folic acid, with or without other B vitamins, on cognitive decline: meta-analysis of randomized trialsAm J Med.(2010 Jun)
    95. Reaction Time - Chanaka N Kahathuduwa, Chathurika S Dhanasekara, Shao-Hua Chin, Tyler Davis, Vajira S Weerasinghe, Tharaka L Dassanayake, Martin Binksl-Theanine and caffeine improve target-specific attention to visual stimuli by decreasing mind wandering: a human functional magnetic resonance imaging studyNutr Res.(2018 Jan)
    96. Reaction Time - Crystal F Haskell, David O Kennedy, Anthea L Milne, Keith A Wesnes, Andrew B ScholeyThe effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and moodBiol Psychol.(2008 Feb)
    97. Reaction Time - Chanaka N Kahathuduwa, Tharaka L Dassanayake, A M Tissa Amarakoon, Vajira S WeerasingheAcute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attentionNutr Neurosci.(2017 Jul)
    98. Reaction Time - Peter J Rogers, Jessica E Smith, Susan V Heatherley, C W Pleydell-PearceTime for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and togetherPsychopharmacology (Berl).(2008 Jan)
    99. Reaction Time - John J Foxe, Kristen P Morie, Peter J Laud, Matthew J Rowson, Eveline A de Bruin, Simon P KellyAssessing the effects of caffeine and theanine on the maintenance of vigilance during a sustained attention taskNeuropharmacology.(2012 Jun)
    100. Reaction Time - Akiko Higashiyama, Hla Hla Htay, Makoto Ozeki, Lekh R. Juneja, Mahendra P. KapoorEffects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time responseJournal of Functional Foods.()
    101. Processing Accuracy - F L Dodd, D O Kennedy, L M Riby, C F Haskell-RamsayA double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effects of caffeine and L-theanine both alone and in combination on cerebral blood flow, cognition and moodPsychopharmacology (Berl).(2015 Jul)
    102. Attention - Simon P Kelly, Manuel Gomez-Ramirez, Jennifer L Montesi, John J FoxeL-theanine and caffeine in combination affect human cognition as evidenced by oscillatory alpha-band activity and attention task performanceJ Nutr.(2008 Aug)
    103. Attention - Yoshitake Baba, Shun Inagaki, Sae Nakagawa, Toshiyuki Kaneko, Makoto Kobayashi, Takanobu TakiharaEffects of l-Theanine on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled StudyJ Med Food.(2021 Apr)
    104. Attention - Shinsuke Hidese, Shintaro Ogawa, Miho Ota, Ikki Ishida, Zenta Yasukawa, Makoto Ozeki, Hiroshi KunugiEffects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled TrialNutrients.(2019 Oct 3)
    105. Attention - Dassanayake TL, Kahathuduwa CN, Weerasinghe VSL-theanine improves neurophysiological measures of attention in a dose-dependent manner: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Nutr Neurosci.(2022-Apr)
    106. Alertness - Grace E Giles, Caroline R Mahoney, Tad T Brunyé, Holly A Taylor, Robin B KanarekCaffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousalCan J Physiol Pharmacol.(2017 Jan)
    107. Prepulse Inhibition - Miho Ota, Chisato Wakabayashi, Junko Matsuo, Yukiko Kinoshita, Hiroaki Hori, Kotaro Hattori, Daimei Sasayama, Toshiya Teraishi, Satoko Obu, Hayato Ozawa, Hiroshi KunugiEffect of L-theanine on sensorimotor gating in healthy human subjectsPsychiatry Clin Neurosci.(2014 May)
    108. Reaction Time - Fontani G, Maffei D, Lodi LPolicosanol, reaction time and event-related potentialsNeuropsychobiology.(2000)
    109. Reaction Time - D O Kennedy, C F Haskell, K A Wesnes, A B ScholeyImproved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginsengPharmacol Biochem Behav.(2004 Nov)
    110. Reaction Time - L D'Angelo, R Grimaldi, M Caravaggi, M Marcoli, E Perucca, S Lecchini, G M Frigo, A CremaA double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteersJ Ethnopharmacol.(Apr-May 1986)
    111. Reaction Time - Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey ABEffects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasksJ Psychopharmacol.(2006 Nov)
    112. Reaction Time - Henrik Sorensen, Jesper SonnneA double-masked study of the effects of ginseng on cognitive functionsCurrent Therapeutic Research.()
    113. Cognition - Derek Ong Lai Teik, Xiao Shiang Lee, Chu Jian Lim, Chia Mei Low, Mariyam Muslima, Luca AquiliGinseng and Ginkgo Biloba Effects on Cognition as Modulated by Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Randomised TrialPLoS One.(2016 Mar 3)
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