Menopause

    Written by:
    Meredith Yetter, Katie Jantz

    Fact-checked

    by:

    Morgan Pfiffner, James Gaylor
    Last Updated: January 15, 2023

    Menopause is the stage of life when menses permanently cease, and the reproductive system no longer performs functions related to fertility. A woman is considered to have entered menopause after menses have stopped for 12 months.

    30 references on this page
    56,508 participants in 75 trials and 13 meta-analyses

    Overview

    Examine Database: Menopause

    Red Clover Extract
    Black Cohosh
    DHEA
    Maca
    Fish Oil
    Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)
    Vitamin K
    Boron
    Curcumin
    Magnesium
    Valerian
    Aerobic Exercise
    Astaxanthin
    Blueberry
    Cannabis
    Coenzyme Q10
    Conjugated Linoleic Acid
    Creatine
    Evening Primrose Oil
    Inositol
    Kudzu
    Lavender
    Paleolithic Diet
    Progressive Muscle Relaxation
    Pueraria Mirifica
    Pycnogenol
    Resveratrol
    Royal Jelly
    Safflower Oil
    Saffron
    Sodium Bicarbonate
    Soy
    Soy Isoflavones
    Soy Protein
    Traditional Chinese Medicine
    Tribulus Terrestris
    Vegan Diet
    Vitamin D
    Whey Protein
    Yerba Mate

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Frequently asked questions

    Update History

    Examine Database References

    1. Libido - de Souza KZ, Vale FB, Geber SEfficacy of Tribulus terrestris for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trialMenopause.(2016 Nov)
    2. Libido - Dayal M, Sammel MD, Zhao J, Hummel AC, Vandenbourne K, Barnhart KTSupplementation with DHEA: effect on muscle size, strength, quality of life, and lipidsJ Womens Health (Larchmt).(2005 Jun)
    3. Testosterone - Genazzani AR, Pluchino N, Begliuomini S, Stomati M, Bernardi F, Pieri M, Casarosa E, Palumbo M, Genazzani AD, Luisi MLong-term low-dose oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone modulates adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone in early and late postmenopausal womenGynecol Endocrinol.(2006 Nov)
    4. Testosterone - Igwebuike A, Irving BA, Bigelow ML, Short KR, McConnell JP, Nair KSLack of dehydroepiandrosterone effect on a combined endurance and resistance exercise program in postmenopausal womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2008 Feb)
    5. Testosterone - Alessandro D Genazzani, Massimo Stomati, Francesca Bernardi, Matteo Pieri, Lucio Rovati, Andrea R GenazzaniLong-term low-dose dehydroepiandrosterone oral supplementation in early and late postmenopausal women modulates endocrine parameters and synthesis of neuroactive steroidsFertil Steril.(2003 Dec)
    6. Testosterone - Stomati M, Monteleone P, Casarosa E, Quirici B, Puccetti S, Bernardi F, Genazzani AD, Rovati L, Luisi M, Genazzani ARSix-month oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in early and late postmenopauseGynecol Endocrinol.(2000 Oct)
    7. Testosterone - Hu Y, Wan P, An X, Jiang GImpact of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on testosterone concentrations and BMI in elderly women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Complement Ther Med.(2021-Jan)
    8. Libido - Oh KJ, Chae MJ, Lee HS, Hong HD, Park KEffects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical studyJ Sex Med.(2010 Apr)
    9. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Kim SY, Seo SK, Choi YM, Jeon YE, Lim KJ, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BSEffects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized controlled trialMenopause.(2012 Apr)
    10. Subjective Well-Being - Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, Limoni CEffects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine GroupInt J Clin Pharmacol Res.(1999)
    11. Testosterone - Hidalgo LA, Chedraui PA, Morocho N, Ross S, San Miguel GThe effect of red clover isoflavones on menopausal symptoms, lipids and vaginal cytology in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyGynecol Endocrinol.(2005 Nov)
    12. Testosterone - Imhof M, Gocan A, Reithmayr F, Lipovac M, Schimitzek C, Chedraui P, Huber JEffects of a red clover extract (MF11RCE) on endometrium and sex hormones in postmenopausal womenMaturitas.(2006 Aug 20)
    13. Testosterone - Lee CC, Bloem CJ, Kasa-Vubu JZ, Liang LJEffect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal womenDiabetes Obes Metab.(2012 Apr)
    14. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Schult TM, Ensrud KE, Blackwell T, Ettinger B, Wallace R, Tice JAEffect of isoflavones on lipids and bone turnover markers in menopausal womenMaturitas.(2004 Jul 15)
    15. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JAThe effect of Promensil, an isoflavone extract, on menopausal symptomsClimacteric.(1999 Jun)
    16. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Nestel PJ, Pomeroy S, Kay S, Komesaroff P, Behrsing J, Cameron JD, West LIsoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(1999 Mar)
    17. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Howes JB, Sullivan D, Lai N, Nestel P, Pomeroy S, West L, Eden JA, Howes LGThe effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on the lipoprotein profiles of post menopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemiaAtherosclerosis.(2000 Sep)
    18. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Terzic MM, Dotlic J, Maricic S, Mihailovic T, Tosic-Race BInfluence of red clover-derived isoflavones on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal womenJ Obstet Gynaecol Res.(2009 Dec)
    19. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Błaszczuk A, Barańska A, Kanadys W, Malm M, Jach ME, Religioni U, Wróbel R, Herda J, Polz-Dacewicz MRole of Phytoestrogen-Rich Bioactive Substances ( L., L., L.) in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2022-Jun-14)
    20. Skin Quality - Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Kurz C, Neuber B, Imhof MEffect of Red Clover Isoflavones over Skin, Appendages, and Mucosal Status in Postmenopausal WomenObstet Gynecol Int.(2011)
    21. Subjective Well-Being - Ehsanpour S, Salehi K, Zolfaghari B, Bakhtiari SThe effects of red clover on quality of life in post-menopausal womenIran J Nurs Midwifery Res.(2012 Jan)
    22. Menopausal Symptoms - Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Kurz C, Neuber B, Imhof MThe effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal womenGynecol Endocrinol.(2012 Mar)
    23. Menopausal Symptoms - van de Weijer PH, Barentsen RIsoflavones from red clover (Promensil) significantly reduce menopausal hot flush symptoms compared with placeboMaturitas.(2002 Jul 25)
    24. Menopausal Symptoms - Baber RJ, Templeman C, Morton T, Kelly GE, West LRandomized placebo-controlled trial of an isoflavone supplement and menopausal symptoms in womenClimacteric.(1999 Jun)
    25. Menopausal Symptoms - del Giorno C, Fonseca AM, Bagnoli VR, Assis JS, Soares JM Jr, Baracat ECEffects of Trifolium pratense on the climacteric and sexual symptoms in postmenopause womenRev Assoc Med Bras.(2010 Sep-Oct)
    26. Total cholesterol - Howes JB, Bray K, Lorenz L, Smerdely P, Howes LGThe effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal womenClimacteric.(2004 Mar)
    27. Depression Symptoms - Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Stammler M, Imhof MImprovement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extractsMaturitas.(2010 Mar)
    28. Anxiety Symptoms - Geller SE, Shulman LP, van Breemen RB, Banuvar S, Zhou Y, Epstein G, Hedayat S, Nikolic D, Krause EC, Piersen CE, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Farnsworth NRSafety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trialMenopause.(2009 Nov-Dec)
    29. Hot Flash Symptoms - Tice JA, Ettinger B, Ensrud K, Wallace R, Blackwell T, Cummings SRPhytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: the Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: a randomized controlled trialJAMA.(2003 Jul 9)
    30. Hot Flash Symptoms - Kanadys W, Barańska A, Błaszczuk A, Polz-Dacewicz M, Drop B, Kanecki K, Malm MEvaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover ( L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients.(2021-Apr-11)
    31. Hot Flash Symptoms - Myers SP, Vigar VEffects of a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytomedicine.(2017-Jan-15)
    32. Homocysteine - Samman S, Koh HS, Flood VM, Blakesmith SJ, Petocz P, Lyons-Wall PMRed clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones and serum homocysteine in premenopausal women: a pilot studyJ Womens Health (Larchmt).(2009 Nov)
    33. Testosterone - Nielsen FH, Hunt CD, Mullen LM, Hunt JREffect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal womenFASEB J.(1987 Nov)
    34. Estrogen - Nielsen F, Penland JBoron supplementation of peri‐menopausal women affects boron metabolism and indices associated with macromineral metabolism, hormonal status and immune functionJ Trace Elem Med Biol.()
    35. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Michelle L Asp, Angela L Collene, Leigh E Norris, Rachel M Cole, Michael B Stout, Szu-Yu Tang, Jason C Hsu, Martha A BeluryTime-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-masked, crossover studyClin Nutr.(2011 Aug)
    36. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Meissner HO, Mscisz A, Reich-Bilinska H, Mrozikiewicz P, Bobkiewicz-Kozlowska T, Kedzia B, Lowicka A, Barchia IHormone-Balancing Effect of Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (III) Clinical responses of early-postmenopausal women to Maca in double blind, randomized, Placebo-controlled, crossover configuration, outpatient studyInt J Biomed Sci.(2006 Dec)
    37. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Meissner HO, Mscisz A, Reich-Bilinska H, Kapczynski W, Mrozikiewicz P, Bobkiewicz-Kozlowska T, Kedzia B, Lowicka A, Barchia IHormone-Balancing Effect of Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (II) Physiological and Symptomatic Responses of Early-Postmenopausal Women to Standardized doses of Maca in Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Centre Clinical StudyInt J Biomed Sci.(2006 Dec)
    38. Menopausal Symptoms - Meissner HO, Kapczynski W, Mscisz A, Lutomski JUse of gelatinized maca (lepidium peruvianum) in early postmenopausal womenInt J Biomed Sci.(2005 Jun)
    39. Menopausal Symptoms - Tsuyoshi Takewaka, Kiyoshi HaraClinical Effect of Oral Administration of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Extract on Japanese Peri-Menopausal Women Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled StudyInt J Biomed Sci.()
    40. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - C Mellberg, S Sandberg, M Ryberg, M Eriksson, S Brage, C Larsson, T Olsson, B LindahlLong-term effects of a Palaeolithic-type diet in obese postmenopausal women: a 2-year randomized trialEur J Clin Nutr.(2014 Mar)
    41. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Woo J, Lau E, Ho SC, Cheng F, Chan C, Chan AS, Haines CJ, Chan TY, Li M, Sham AComparison of Pueraria lobata with hormone replacement therapy in treating the adverse health consequences of menopauseMenopause.(2003 Jul-Aug)
    42. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Georgiev DB, Metka M, Huber JC, Goudev AR, Manassiev NEffects of an herbal medication containing bee products on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk markers: results of a pilot open-uncontrolled trialMedGenMed.(2004 Dec 16)
    43. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ozuru R, Sugimoto T, Yamaguchi T, Chihara KTime-dependent effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) on bone metabolism in postmenopausal womenEndocr J.(2002 Jun)
    44. Bone Mineral Density - Braam LA, Knapen MH, Geusens P, Brouns F, Hamulyák K, Gerichhausen MJ, Vermeer CVitamin K1 supplementation retards bone loss in postmenopausal women between 50 and 60 years of ageCalcif Tissue Int.(2003 Jul)
    45. Bone Mineral Density - Ushiroyama T, Ikeda A, Ueki MEffect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K(2) and vitamin D(3) on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal womenMaturitas.(2002 Mar 25)
    46. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Akazawa N, Choi Y, Miyaki A, Tanabe Y, Sugawara J, Ajisaka R, Maeda SCurcumin ingestion and exercise training improve vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal womenNutr Res.(2012 Oct)
    47. Blood Pressure - Sugawara J, Akazawa N, Miyaki A, Choi Y, Tanabe Y, Imai T, Maeda SEffect of endurance exercise training and curcumin intake on central arterial hemodynamics in postmenopausal women: pilot studyAm J Hypertens.(2012 Jun)
    48. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Chen JT, Kotani KEffects of Astaxanthin on Liver and Leukocyte Parameters in Healthy Climacteric Women: Preliminary DataJ Med Food.(2017 Jul)
    49. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Santamaria A, Giordano D, Corrado F, Pintaudi B, Interdonato ML, Vieste GD, Benedetto AD, D'Anna ROne-year effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndromeClimacteric.(2012 Oct)
    50. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Molina-López J, Gamarra-Morales Y, López-González B, Miralles-Adell C, Planells EResponse of Vitamin D after Magnesium Intervention in a Postmenopausal Population from the Province of Granada, Spain.Nutrients.(2020-Jul-30)
    51. Osteocalcin - Aydin H, Deyneli O, Yavuz D, Gözü H, Mutlu N, Kaygusuz I, Akalin SShort-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic womenBiol Trace Elem Res.(2010 Feb)
    52. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Johnson SA, Figueroa A, Navaei N, Wong A, Kalfon R, Ormsbee LT, Feresin RG, Elam ML, Hooshmand S, Payton ME, Arjmandi BHDaily blueberry consumption improves blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialJ Acad Nutr Diet.(2015 Mar)
    53. Glycemic Control - Schoppen S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Pérez-Granados M, Gómez-Gerique JA, Sarriá B, Navas-Carretero S, Pilar Vaquero MDoes bicarbonated mineral water rich in sodium change insulin sensitivity of postmenopausal womenNutr Hosp.(2007 Sep-Oct)
    54. Subjective Well-Being - Maria Dolores Juliá Mollá, Yolanda García-Sánchez, Alberto Romeu Sarri, Faustino R Pérez-lópezCimicifuga racemosa treatment and health related quality of life in post-menopausal Spanish womenGynecol Endocrinol.(2009 Jan)
    55. Menopausal Symptoms - Karel Raus, Cosima Brucker, Christoph Gorkow, Wolfgang WuttkeFirst-time proof of endometrial safety of the special black cohosh extract (Actaea or Cimicifuga racemosa extract) CR BNO 1055Menopause.(Jul-Aug 2006)
    56. Menopausal Symptoms - Pockaj BA, Gallagher JG, Loprinzi CL, Stella PJ, Barton DL, Sloan JA, Lavasseur BI, Rao RM, Fitch TR, Rowland KM, Novotny PJ, Flynn PJ, Richelson E, Fauq AHPhase III double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of black cohosh in the management of hot flashes: NCCTG Trial N01CC1J Clin Oncol.(2006 Jun 20)
    57. Menopausal Symptoms - Newton KM, Reed SD, LaCroix AZ, Grothaus LC, Ehrlich K, Guiltinan JTreatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trialAnn Intern Med.(2006 Dec 19)
    58. Menopausal Symptoms - Wen-pei Bai, Shu-yu Wang, Jian-li Liu, Li Geng, Li-na Hu, Zhong-lan Zhang, Shu-ling Chen, Shu-rong Zheng[Efficacy and safety of remifemin compared to tibolone for controlling of perimenopausal symptoms]Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi.(2009 Aug)
    59. Menopausal Symptoms - Ross SMMenopause: a standardized isopropanolic black cohosh extract (remifemin) is found to be safe and effective for menopausal symptomsHolist Nurs Pract.(2012 Jan-Feb)
    60. Menopausal Symptoms - Briese V, Stammwitz U, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HHBlack cohosh with or without St. John's wort for symptom-specific climacteric treatment--results of a large-scale, controlled, observational studyMaturitas.(2007 Aug 20)
    61. Menopausal Symptoms - Shams T, Setia MS, Hemmings R, McCusker J, Sewitch M, Ciampi AEfficacy of black cohosh-containing preparations on menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysisAltern Ther Health Med.(2010 Jan-Feb)
    62. Menopausal Symptoms - Castelo-Branco C, Gambacciani M, Cano A, Minkin MJ, Rachoń D, Ruan X, Beer AM, Schnitker J, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH, Pickartz SReview & meta-analysis: isopropanolic black cohosh extract iCR for menopausal symptoms - an update on the evidence.Climacteric.(2021-Apr)
    63. Estrogen - Liske E, Hänggi W, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH, Boblitz N, Wüstenberg P, Rahlfs VWPhysiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh (Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma): a 6-month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effectJ Womens Health Gend Based Med.(2002 Mar)
    64. Anxiety Symptoms - Amsterdam JD, Yao Y, Mao JJ, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Shults JRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) in women with anxiety disorder due to menopauseJ Clin Psychopharmacol.(2009 Oct)
    65. Sleep Quality - Cohen LS, Joffe H, Guthrie KA, Ensrud KE, Freeman M, Carpenter JS, Learman LA, Newton KM, Reed SD, Manson JE, Sternfeld B, Caan B, Freeman EW, LaCroix AZ, Tinker LF, Booth-Laforce C, Larson JC, Anderson GLEfficacy of omega-3 for vasomotor symptoms treatment: a randomized controlled trialMenopause.(2014 Apr)
    66. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - Al-Safi ZA, Liu H, Carlson NE, Chosich J, Harris M, Bradford AP, Robledo C, Eckel RH, Polotsky AJOmega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Lowers Serum FSH in Normal Weight But Not Obese WomenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2016 Jan)
    67. Depression Symptoms - Lucas M, Asselin G, Mérette C, Poulin MJ, Dodin SEthyl-eicosapentaenoic acid for the treatment of psychological distress and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 Feb)
    68. Sleep Quality - Mirabi P, Mojab FThe effects of valerian root on hot flashes in menopausal womenIran J Pharm Res.(2013 Winter)
    69. Menopausal Symptoms - Taavoni S, Ekbatani N, Kashaniyan M, Haghani HEffect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trialMenopause.(2011 Sep)
    70. Sleep Quality - Li-Wei Chien, Su Li Cheng, and Chi Feng LiuThe Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Autonomic Nervous System in Midlife Women with InsomniaEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.()
    71. Sleep Quality - Kwon CY, Lee B, Lee JYEffectiveness and safety of East Asian herbal medicine for menopausal insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Front Pharmacol.(2024 Aug 8)
    72. Sleep Quality - Sucu C, Çitil ETThe effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on postmenopausal sleep quality and fatigue: a single-blind randomized controlled study.Menopause.(2024 Aug 1)
    73. Menopausal Symptoms - Chandeying V, Sangthawan MEfficacy comparison of Pueraria mirifica (PM) against conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with/without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women: phase III studyJ Med Assoc Thai.(2007 Sep)
    74. Menopausal Symptoms - Errichi S, Bottari A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Hosoi M, Cornelli U, Dugall M, Ledda A, Feragalli BSupplementation with Pycnogenol® improves signs and symptoms of menopausal transitionPanminerva Med.(2011 Sep)
    75. Bone Mineral Density - Zhu K, Meng X, Kerr DA, Devine A, Solah V, Binns CW, Prince RLThe effects of a two-year randomized, controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF-1, and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal womenJ Bone Miner Res.(2011 Sep)
    76. Bone Mineral Density - Conforti AS, Gallo ME, Saraví FDYerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal womenBone.(2012 Jan)
    77. Luteinizing Hormone - J H Mendelson, P Cristofaro, J Ellingboe, R Benedikt, N K MelloAcute effects of marihuana on luteinizing hormone in menopausal womenPharmacol Biochem Behav.(1985 Nov)
    78. Weight - Neal D Barnard, Anthony R Scialli, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, Amy J Lanou, Jolie GlassThe effects of a low-fat, plant-based dietary intervention on body weight, metabolism, and insulin sensitivityAm J Med.(2005 Sep)
    79. Blood Pressure - Maedeh Moradi, Elnaz Daneshzad, Leila AzadbakhtThe Effects of Isolated Soy Protein, Isolated Soy Isoflavones and Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Serum Lipids in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2019 Dec 20)
    80. Kidney Function - Manoel Neves Jr, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel, Fernanda Rodrigues Lima, Ana Lúcia de Sá-Pinto, Antonio Carlos Seguro, Maria Heloisa Shimizu, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza, Ricardo Fuller, Antonio Herbert Lancha Jr, Eloisa BonfáEffect of creatine supplementation on measured glomerular filtration rate in postmenopausal womenAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2011 Jun)
    81. TNF-Alpha - Ali Gholami, Ensiyeh Mollanoroozy, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Mitra HaririThe efficacy of soy isoflavones combined with soy protein on serum concentration of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α among post-menopausal women? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsClin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.(2022 Jan)
    82. Depression Symptoms - Ladan Kashani, Sophia Esalatmanesh, Farzaneh Eftekhari, Samrand Salimi, Tahereh Foroughifar, Farnaz Etesam, Hamideh Safiaghdam, Ehsan Moazen-Zadeh, Shahin AkhondzadehEfficacy of Crocus sativus (saffron) in treatment of major depressive disorder associated with post-menopausal hot flashes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trialArch Gynecol Obstet.(2018 Mar)
    83. Depression Symptoms - Yue H, Yang Y, Xie F, Cui J, Li Y, Si M, Li S, Yao FEffects of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms of women in the menopausal transition and menopause: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act.(2025 Jan 24)
    84. Hot Flash Symptoms - Christelle, K et al.The Effects of Evening-Primrose Oil on Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsCurr Womens Health Rev.(2020-07-01)
    85. IGF-1 - Inpan R, Dukaew N, Na Takuathung M, Teekachunhatean S, Koonrungsesomboon NEffects of isoflavone interventions on bone turnover markers and factors regulating bone metabolism in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Arch Osteoporos.(2024 Dec 21)
    86. Inflammation - Gepner AD, Ramamurthy R, Krueger DC, Korcarz CE, Binkley N, Stein JHA prospective randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease riskPLoS One.(2012)
    87. Adiponectin - Mohammadi-Sartang M, Mazloom Z, Sohrabi Z, Sherafatmanesh S, Barati-Boldaji RResveratrol supplementation and plasma adipokines concentrations? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacol Res.(2017-Mar)
    88. Ovarian Reserve - Micaraseth K, Tantanavipas S, Hongsakorn W, Singwongsa AThe effect of coenzyme Q10 pretreatment on ovarian reserve in women undergoing hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Br J Nutr.(2025 Jan 28)
    Menopause: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.