Metabolic Syndrome

    Written by:
    Mike Murray

    Fact-checked

    by:

    Morgan Pfiffner, Shyam Jayaraman
    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    Metabolic syndrome refers to a group of cardiometabolic risk factors: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, high blood triglycerides, and low HDL-C. If a person has at least three of these, they have metabolic syndrome.

    37 references on this page
    256,041 participants in 44 trials and 55 meta-analyses

    Overview

    Examine Database: Metabolic Syndrome

    Resveratrol
    Chromium
    Curcumin
    Ketogenic Diet
    Mediterranean Diet
    Saffron
    L-Carnitine
    Whey Protein
    Black seed
    Inositol
    Berberine
    Betaine
    Cocoa Extract
    Dill
    Flaxseed
    Kefir
    Spirulina
    Zinc
    16:8 Intermittent Fasting
    Alpha-Lipoic Acid
    Blueberry
    Casein
    Chlorella
    Coenzyme Q10
    Conjugated Linoleic Acid
    Fish Oil
    Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
    Garlic
    Grape Seed Extract
    Grapefruit
    Green Tea Extract
    Hesperidin
    Honey
    Low-Fat Diet
    Magnesium
    Milk Protein
    Niacin (Vitamin B3)
    Olive Leaf Extract
    Paleolithic Diet
    Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)
    Pomegranate
    Probiotics
    Resistant Starch
    Roselle
    Soy Protein
    Vegan Diet
    Vitamin D

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Frequently asked questions

    Examine Database References

    1. Insulin Resistance - Kelsey Gabel, Kristin K Hoddy, Nicole Haggerty, Jeehee Song, Cynthia M Kroeger, John F Trepanowski, Satchidananda Panda, Krista A VaradyEffects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot studyNutr Healthy Aging.(2018 Jun 15)
    2. Insulin Resistance - Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B, Mi MTEffect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr.(2014-Jun)
    3. Insulin Resistance - Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-BidarThe effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trialsAm J Clin Nutr.(2021 Nov 8)
    4. Insulin Resistance - Consolato Sergi, Bonnie Chiu, Joseph Feulefack, Fan Shen, Brian ChiuUsefulness of resveratrol supplementation in decreasing cardiometabolic risk factors comparing subjects with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects with or without obesity: meta-analysis using multinational, randomised, controlled trialsArch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis.(2020 May 30)
    5. Insulin Resistance - Guo XF, Li JM, Tang J, Li DEffects of resveratrol supplementation on risk factors of non-communicable diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2017 Sep 21)
    6. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Qian Zhou, Yanmei Wang, Xuke Han, Shunlian Fu, Chan Zhu, Qiu ChenEfficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic ReviewFront Physiol.(2022 Mar 31)
    7. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Maryam Akbari, Omid Reza Tamtaji, Kamran B Lankarani, Reza Tabrizi, Ehsan Dadgostar, Neda Haghighat, Fariba Kolahdooz, Amir Ghaderi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Zatollah AsemiThe effects of resveratrol on lipid profiles and liver enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsLipids Health Dis.(2020 Feb 17)
    8. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Sahebkar AEffects of resveratrol supplementation on plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Rev.(2013-Dec)
    9. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Cao X, Liao W, Xia H, Wang S, Sun GThe Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Profile: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients.(2022-Sep-11)
    10. Body Fat - Mousavi SM, Milajerdi A, Sheikhi A, Kord-Varkaneh H, Feinle-Bisset C, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh AResveratrol supplementation significantly influences obesity measures: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Obes Rev.(2019-Mar)
    11. Blood Pressure - Akbari M, Tamtaji OR, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Dadgostar E, Kolahdooz F, Jamilian M, Mirzaei H, Asemi ZThe Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev.(2019 Jul 1)
    12. Blood Pressure - Samuel R Weaver, Catarina Rendeiro, Helen M McGettrick, Andrew Philp, Samuel J E LucasFine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular healthEur J Nutr.(2021 Feb)
    13. Blood Pressure - Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang P, He S, Huang DEffect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr.(2015-Feb)
    14. Creatinine - Abdollahi S, Vajdi M, Meshkini F, Vasmehjani AA, Sangsefidi ZS, Clark CCT, Soltani SResveratrol may mildly improve renal function in the general adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Nutr Res.(2023-May)
    15. Adiponectin - Mohammadi-Sartang M, Mazloom Z, Sohrabi Z, Sherafatmanesh S, Barati-Boldaji RResveratrol supplementation and plasma adipokines concentrations? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacol Res.(2017-Mar)
    16. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Tabrizi R, Tamtaji OR, Lankarani KB, Mirhosseini N, Akbari M, Dadgostar E, Peymani P, Asemi ZThe effects of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Food Funct.(2018-Dec-13)
    17. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Bahman Razi, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on C-reactive protein: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPhytother Res.(2021 Dec)
    18. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Haghighatdoost F, Hariri MCan resveratrol supplement change inflammatory mediators? A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.Eur J Clin Nutr.(2019-Mar)
    19. Interleukin 6 - Melodi Omraninava, Bahman Razi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEur J Pharmacol.(2021 Oct 5)
    20. Plasminogen Inhibitor-1 - Mohammadipoor N, Shafiee F, Rostami A, Kahrizi MS, Soleimanpour H, Ghodsi M, Ansari MJ, Bokov DO, Jannat B, Mosharkesh E, Pour Abbasi MSResveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res.(2022-Sep)
    21. Insulin Resistance - Zamani M, Zarei M, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Hosseini S, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi OThe effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Front Nutr.(2022)
    22. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Pérez-Rubio KG, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, Robles-Cervantes JA, Espinel-Bermúdez MCEffect of berberine administration on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretionMetab Syndr Relat Disord.(2013 Oct)
    23. Insulin Resistance - Amirani E, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mirzaei H, Mansournia MA, Asemi ZEffects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Lipids Health Dis.(2020-Sep-21)
    24. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Badely M, Sepandi M, Samadi M, Parastouei K, Taghdir MThe effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals; a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes Metab Syndr.(2019)
    25. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Zhou S, Cheng F, He J, Xu T, Zhang X, Wan S, Qi J, He J, Chen F, Luo J, Luo Y, An PEffects of high-quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr.(2024 Aug)
    26. Insulin - Smedegaard S, Kampmann U, Ovesen PG, Støvring H, Rittig NWhey Protein Premeal Lowers Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in Adults Compared with Water-The Effect of Timing, Dose, and Metabolic Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Am J Clin Nutr.(2023-Aug)
    27. Insulin Resistance - Kastorini, C.M., et al.The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individualsJ Am Coll Cardiol.(2011-03-08)
    28. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Papadaki A, Nolen-Doerr E, Mantzoros CSThe Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults.Nutrients.(2020-Oct-30)
    29. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Garcia M, Bihuniak JD, Shook J, Kenny A, Kerstetter J, Huedo-Medina TBThe Effect of the Traditional Mediterranean-Style Diet on Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2016-Mar-15)
    30. Blood glucose - Jing T, Zhang S, Bai M, Chen Z, Gao S, Li S, Zhang JEffect of Dietary Approaches on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Nutrients.(2023-Jul-15)
    31. Endothelial Function - Shannon OM, Mendes I, Köchl C, Mazidi M, Ashor AW, Rubele S, Minihane AM, Mathers JC, Siervo MMediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.J Nutr.(2020-May-01)
    32. Insulin Resistance - Yin S, Zhu F, Zhou Q, Chen M, Wang X, Chen QLack of Efficacy of Pomegranate Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Phytother Res.(2024 Nov 5)
    33. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Shabani M, Ghavidel F, Rajabian A, Homayouni-Tabrizi M, Jamialahmadi T, Hosseini H, Sahebkar AEffect of Nigella sativa Consumption on Lipid Profile and Glycemic Index in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Curr Med Chem.(2024-Jan-23)
    34. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Najmi A, Nasiruddin M, Khan RA, Haque SFEffect of Nigella sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of insulin resistance syndromeInt J Diabetes Dev Ctries.(2008 Jan)
    35. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kavyani Z, Musazadeh V, Golpour-Hamedani S, Moridpour AH, Vajdi M, Askari GThe effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology.(2023-Jun)
    36. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Babak Roshanravan, Saeed Samarghandian, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, Farhad Saeedi, Tahereh FarkhondehMetabolic Impact of Saffron and Crocin: An Updated Systematic and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical TrialsArch Physiol Biochem.(2020 Feb 4)
    37. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Tayebe Kermani, Maedeh Zebarjadi, Hassan Mehrad-Majd, Seyed-Reza Mirhafez, Maryam Shemshian, Faezeh Ghasemi, Elham Mohammadzadeh, Seyed Hadi Mousavi, Abdolreza Norouzy, Toktam Moghiman, Akram Sadeghi, Gordon Ferns, Amir Avan, Elaheh Mahdipour, Majid Ghayour-MobarhanAnti-Inflammatory Effect of Crocus sativus on Serum Cytokine Levels in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled TrialCurr Clin Pharmacol.(2017)
    38. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Soukhtanloo M, et alEffect of saffron on serum leptin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome, a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial studyProg Nutr.()
    39. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Tayyebeh Kermani, Seyyed Hadi Mousavi, Maryam Shemshian, Abdolreza Norouzy, Mohsen Mazidi, Atefeh Moezzi, Toktam Moghiman, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan, Gordon A FernsSaffron supplements modulate serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialAvicenna J Phytomed.(Sep-Oct 2015)
    40. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Sadeghi O, Rigi S, Tan SC, Shokri A, Mousavi SMEffects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Phytother Res.(2021-Jan)
    41. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Mousavi SM, Beatriz Pizarro A, Akhgarjand C, Bagheri A, Persad E, Karimi E, Wong A, Jayedi AThe effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) supplementation on lipid profile and glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2022)
    42. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Mansouri M, Nayebi N, Keshtkar A, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Taheri E, Larijani BThe effect of 12 weeks Anethum graveolens (dill) on metabolic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome; a randomized double blind controlled trialDaru.(2012 Oct 4)
    43. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Arpita Basu, Mei Du, Misti J Leyva, Karah Sanchez, Nancy M Betts, Mingyuan Wu, Christopher E Aston, Timothy J LyonsBlueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndromeJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    44. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Wan Y, Vinson JA, Etherton TD, Proch J, Lazarus SA, Kris-Etherton PMEffects of cocoa powder and dark chocolate on LDL oxidative susceptibility and prostaglandin concentrations in humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2001 Nov)
    45. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Davison K, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PREffect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjectsInt J Obes (Lond).(2008 Aug)
    46. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Eric W Manheimer, Esther J van Zuuren, Zbys Fedorowicz, Hanno PijlPaleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysisAm J Clin Nutr.(2015 Aug 12)
    47. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Park BJ, Lee YJ, Lee HR, Jung DH, Na HY, Kim HB, Shim JYEffects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cardiovascular Risks in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled StudyKorean J Fam Med.(2012 Jul)
    48. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Rizza S, Muniyappa R, Iantorno M, Kim JA, Chen H, Pullikotil P, Senese N, Tesauro M, Lauro D, Cardillo C, Quon MJCitrus polyphenol hesperidin stimulates production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells while improving endothelial function and reducing inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2011 May)
    49. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Amin F, Islam N, Anila N, Gilani AHClinical efficacy of the co-administration of Turmeric and Black seeds (Kalongi) in metabolic syndrome - a double blind randomized controlled trial - TAK-MetS trialComplement Ther Med.(2015 Apr)
    50. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Panahi Y, Khalili N, Hosseini MS, Abbasinazari M, Sahebkar ALipid-modifying effects of adjunctive therapy with curcuminoids-piperine combination in patients with metabolic syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trialComplement Ther Med.(2014 Oct)
    51. Blood Pressure - Panahi Y, Hosseini MS, Khalili N, Naimi E, Majeed M, Sahebkar AAntioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysisClin Nutr.(2015 Dec)
    52. Weight - Akbari M, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Peymani P, Ferns G, Ghaderi A, Asemi ZThe Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Front Pharmacol.(2019)
    53. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Tabrizi R, Vakili S, Akbari M, Mirhosseini N, Lankarani KB, Rahimi M, Mobini M, Jafarnejad S, Vahedpoor Z, Asemi ZThe effects of curcumin-containing supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res.(2019-Feb)
    54. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Zahra Hamedifard, Alireza Milajerdi, Željko Reiner, Mohsen Taghizadeh, Fariba Kolahdooz, Zatollah AsemiThe effects of spirulina on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPhytother Res.(2019 Oct)
    55. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Reyhaneh Yousefi, Azadeh Mottaghi, Atoosa SaidpourSpirulina platensis effectively ameliorates anthropometric measurements and obesity-related metabolic disorders in obese or overweight healthy individuals: A randomized controlled trialComplement Ther Med.(2018 Oct)
    56. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Mohamed Rafiullah, Mohthash Musambil, Satish Kumar DavidEffect of a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet vs recommended diets in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysisNutr Rev.(2021 Aug 2)
    57. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Parker N Hyde, Teryn N Sapper, Christopher D Crabtree, Richard A LaFountain, Madison L Bowling, Alex Buga, Brandon Fell, Fionn T McSwiney, Ryan M Dickerson, Vincent J Miller, Debbie Scandling, Orlando P Simonetti, Stephen D Phinney, William J Kraemer, Sarah A King, Ronald M Krauss, Jeff S VolekDietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight lossJCI Insight.(2019 Jun 20)
    58. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Parry-Strong A, Wright-McNaughton M, Weatherall M, Hall RM, Coppell KJ, Barthow C, Krebs JDVery low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Diabetes Obes Metab.(2022-Dec)
    59. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Zhou C, Wang M, Liang J, He G, Chen NKetogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails.Int J Environ Res Public Health.(2022 Aug 22)
    60. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Munji Choi, Seongmin Park, Myoungsook LeeL-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsNutrients.(2020 Sep 12)
    61. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Jun-jie Zhang, Zhi-bing Wu, You-jin Cai, Bin Ke, Ying-juan Huang, Chao-ping Qiu, Yu-bing Yang, Lan-ying Shi, Jian QinL-carnitine ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled studyNutr J.(2014 Nov 26)
    62. Total cholesterol - Johri A, et alProgression of atherosclerosis with carnitine supplementation: a randomized controlled trial in the metabolic syndromeNutr Metab..()
    63. Blood Pressure - Ruggenenti P, Cattaneo D, Loriga G, Ledda F, Motterlini N, Gherardi G, Orisio S, Remuzzi GAmeliorating hypertension and insulin resistance in subjects at increased cardiovascular risk: effects of acetyl-L-carnitine therapyHypertension.(2009 Sep)
    64. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Schwab U, Alfthan G, Aro A, Uusitupa MLong-term effect of betaine on risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in healthy subjectsEur J Clin Nutr.(2011 Jan)
    65. Homocysteine - Alfthan G, Tapani K, Nissinen K, Saarela J, Aro AThe effect of low doses of betaine on plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteersBr J Nutr.(2004 Oct)
    66. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ezgi Bellikci-Koyu, Banu Pınar Sarer-Yurekli, Yakut Akyon, Fadime Aydin-Kose, Cem Karagozlu, Ahmet Gokhan Ozgen, Annika Brinkmann, Andreas Nitsche, Koray Ergunay, Engin Yilmaz, Zehra BuyuktuncerEffects of Regular Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled StudyNutrients.(2019 Sep 4)
    67. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ghizi ACdS et alKefir improves blood parameters and reduces cardiovascular risks in patients with metabolic syndromePharmaNutrition.()
    68. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Laso N, Brugué E, Vidal J, Ros E, Arnaiz JA, Carné X, Vidal S, Mas S, Deulofeu R, Lafuente AEffects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on body composition and metabolic syndrome componentsBr J Nutr.(2007 Oct)
    69. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - de Bock M, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, Biggs JB, Morgan PE, Hodgkinson SC, Hofman PL, Cutfield WSOlive (Olea europaea L.) Leaf Polyphenols Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Middle-Aged Overweight Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover TrialPLoS One.(2013)
    70. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Gómez-Arbeláez D, Lahera V, Oubiña P, Valero-Muñoz M, de Las Heras N, Rodríguez Y, García RG, Camacho PA, López-Jaramillo PAged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover studyMediators Inflamm.(2013)
    71. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Gurrola-Díaz CM, García-López PM, Sánchez-Enríquez S, Troyo-Sanromán R, Andrade-González I, Gómez-Leyva JFEffects of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract powder and preventive treatment (diet) on the lipid profiles of patients with metabolic syndrome (MeSy)Phytomedicine.(2010 Jun)
    72. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Sivaprakasapillai B, Edirisinghe I, Randolph J, Steinberg F, Kappagoda TEffect of grape seed extract on blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndromeMetabolism.(2009 Dec)
    73. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Iqbal N, Cardillo S, Volger S, Bloedon LT, Anderson RA, Boston R, Szapary POChromium picolinate does not improve key features of metabolic syndrome in obese nondiabetic adultsMetab Syndr Relat Disord.(2009 Apr)
    74. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Ali A, Ma Y, Reynolds J, Wise JP Sr, Inzucchi SE, Katz DLChromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitusEndocr Pract.(2011 Jan-Feb)
    75. Blood Pressure - Ghanbari M, Amini MR, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar SThe effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Eur J Clin Nutr.(2022-Mar)
    76. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Morvaridzadeh M, Estêvão MD, Qorbani M, Heydari H, Hosseini AS, Fazelian S, Belančić A, Persad E, Rezamand G, Heshmati JThe effect of chromium intake on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Trace Elem Med Biol.(2022-Jan)
    77. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Zhang X, Cui L, Chen B, Xiong Q, Zhan Y, Ye J, Yin QEffect of chromium supplementation on hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Complement Ther Clin Pract.(2021-Feb)
    78. Apolipoprotein B - Shahinfar H, Amini MR, Sheikhhossein F, Djafari F, Jafari A, Shab-Bidar SThe effect of chromium supplementation on apolipoproteins: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2020-Dec)
    79. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Maeba R, Hara H, Ishikawa H, Hayashi S, Yoshimura N, Kusano J, Takeoka Y, Yasuda D, Okazaki T, Kinoshita M, Teramoto TMyo-inositol treatment increases serum plasmalogens and decreases small dense LDL, particularly in hyperlipidemic subjects with metabolic syndromeJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2008 Jun)
    80. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Santamaria A, Giordano D, Corrado F, Pintaudi B, Interdonato ML, Vieste GD, Benedetto AD, D'Anna ROne-year effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndromeClimacteric.(2012 Oct)
    81. Blood Pressure - M Nordio, E ProiettiThe combined therapy with myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol reduces the risk of metabolic disease in PCOS overweight patients compared to myo-inositol supplementation aloneEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.(2012 May)
    82. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Blond E, Rieusset J, Alligier M, Lambert-Porcheron S, Bendridi N, Gabert L, Chetiveaux M, Debard C, Chauvin MA, Normand S, Roth H, de Gouville AC, Krempf M, Vidal H, Goudable J, Laville M, “Niacin” Study GroupNicotinic acid effects on insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid metabolism: an in vivo to in vitro studyHorm Metab Res.(2014 Jun)
    83. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Afitska K, Clavel J, Kisters K, Vormann J, Werner TMagnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial.Magnes Res.(2021-Aug-01)
    84. Triglycerides - Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Shapouri J, Sarrafzadegan N, Amini M, Tavakoli N, Movahedian-Attar A, Mirmoghtadaee P, Poursafa PEffect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in prepubertal obese childrenHormones (Athens).(2009 Oct-Dec)
    85. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Kara E, Gunay M, Cicioglu I, Ozal M, Kilic M, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AKEffect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant activity in young wrestlersBiol Trace Elem Res.(2010 Apr)
    86. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - Guo M, Li J, Zhang L, Chen C, Wei Y, Shen ZAEffects of oral supplementation of probiotics on body weight and visceral fat in obese patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Sci Rep.(2025 Feb 21)
    87. Blood Pressure - Simão AN, Lozovoy MA, Bahls LD, Morimoto HK, Simão TN, Matsuo T, Dichi IBlood pressure decrease with ingestion of a soya product (kinako) or fish oil in women with the metabolic syndrome: role of adiponectin and nitric oxideBr J Nutr.(2012 Feb 8)
    88. Blood Pressure - Sola S, Mir MQ, Cheema FA, Khan-Merchant N, Menon RG, Parthasarathy S, Khan BVIrbesartan and lipoic acid improve endothelial function and reduce markers of inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: results of the Irbesartan and Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Dysfunction (ISLAND) studyCirculation.(2005 Jan 25)
    89. Blood Pressure - Young JM, Florkowski CM, Molyneux SL, McEwan RG, Frampton CM, Nicholls MG, Scott RS, George PMA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of coenzyme Q10 therapy in hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndromeAm J Hypertens.(2012 Feb)
    90. Weight - Arpita Basu, Karah Sanchez, Misti J Leyva, Mingyuan Wu, Nancy M Betts, Christopher E Aston, Timothy J LyonsGreen tea supplementation affects body weight, lipids, and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with metabolic syndromeJ Am Coll Nutr.(2010 Feb)
    91. Weight - Fujioka K, Greenway F, Sheard J, Ying YThe effects of grapefruit on weight and insulin resistance: relationship to the metabolic syndromeJ Med Food.(2006 Spring)
    92. Weight - Hana Kahleova, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I Shulman, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Andrea Tura, Martin Hill, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardEffect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA Netw Open.(2020 Nov 2)
    93. Liver Enzymes - Samira Yarmohammadi, Reza Hosseini-Ghatar, Sahar Foshati, Mojgan Moradi, Niloofar Hemati, Sajjad Moradi, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Haroon KhanEffect of Chlorella vulgaris on Liver Function Biomarkers: a Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisClin Nutr Res.(2021 Jan 29)
    94. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Wei Y, Zhang X, Meng Y, Wang Q, Xu H, Chen LThe Effects of Resistant Starch on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutr Cancer.(2022)
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