Weight Loss & Maintenance

    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    This goal refers to people with a BMI >25 attempting to reach/maintain their ideal weight. While interventions that work for people with a BMI >25 may also work for people with a lower BMI, the context is often sufficiently different that this isn't assured.

    examine-databaseExamine Database

    Weight Loss & Maintenance falls under the Fat Loss category.

    51 references on this page
    1,146,805 participants in 124 trials and 33 meta-analyses

    Examine Database: Weight Loss & Maintenance

    Ketogenic Diet
    Conjugated Linoleic Acid
    Vegan Diet
    Green Tea Extract
    Chromium
    Creatine
    Psyllium
    Whey Protein
    16:8 Intermittent Fasting
    Caffeine
    Curcumin
    Ephedrine
    Fish Oil
    Cannabis
    Garcinia
    L-Carnitine
    Paleolithic Diet
    Pyruvate
    Saffron
    Spirulina
    Aspartame
    Bitter orange
    Black seed
    Capsaicin
    Cocoa Extract
    Coleus forskohlii
    DHEA
    Fenugreek
    Grapefruit
    HMB
    Mediterranean Diet
    Medium-chain Triglycerides
    Yerba Mate
    5-HTP
    African Mango
    Apple Cider Vinegar
    Ashwagandha
    Astaxanthin
    Beta-glucans
    Betaine
    Blueberry
    Brown Seaweed Extract
    CDP-Choline
    Chia seeds
    Colostrum
    ECA
    Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
    Ginger
    Kefir
    L-Tyrosine
    Licorice
    Magnesium
    Milk Protein
    Niacin (Vitamin B3)
    Nicotine
    Pterostilbene
    Quercetin
    Rose Hip
    Safflower Oil
    Stevia
    Ursolic Acid
    Vitamin C
    Vitamin D
    Zinc

    Research FeedRead all studies

    References

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    3. ^Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration
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    29. ^Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Norton LEMetabolic adaptation to weight loss: implications for the athleteJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2014 Feb 27)
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    31. ^Swinburn B, Sacks G, Ravussin EIncreased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesityAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 Dec)
    32. ^Lack of evidence for high fructose corn syrup as the cause of the obesity epidemic
    33. ^Leibel RL, Hirsch J, Appel BE, Checani GCEnergy intake required to maintain body weight is not affected by wide variation in diet compositionAm J Clin Nutr.(1992 Feb)
    34. ^Golay A, Allaz AF, Morel Y, de Tonnac N, Tankova S, Reaven GSimilar weight loss with low- or high-carbohydrate dietsAm J Clin Nutr.(1996 Feb)
    35. ^Golay A, Eigenheer C, Morel Y, Kujawski P, Lehmann T, de Tonnac NWeight-loss with low or high carbohydrate dietInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(1996 Dec)
    36. ^Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Keogh JB, Foster P, Clifton PMCarbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective at promoting fat loss and improving blood lipidsAm J Clin Nutr.(2005 Apr)
    37. ^Bray GA, Smith SR, de Jonge L, Xie H, Rood J, Martin CK, Most M, Brock C, Mancuso S, Redman LMEffect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trialJAMA.(2012 Jan 4)
    38. ^Noakes M, Keogh JB, Foster PR, Clifton PMEffect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese womenAm J Clin Nutr.(2005 Jun)
    39. ^Keogh JB, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Clifton PMLong-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinaemic men and womenBr J Nutr.(2007 Feb)
    40. ^Farnsworth E, Luscombe ND, Noakes M, Wittert G, Argyiou E, Clifton PMEffect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on body composition, glycemic control, and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese hyperinsulinemic men and womenAm J Clin Nutr.(2003 Jul)
    41. ^Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, Keogh JB, Luscombe ND, Wittert GA, Clifton PMLong-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjectsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2004 May)
    42. ^McLaughlin T, Carter S, Lamendola C, Abbasi F, Yee G, Schaaf P, Basina M, Reaven GEffects of moderate variations in macronutrient composition on weight loss and reduction in cardiovascular disease risk in obese, insulin-resistant adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 Oct)
    43. ^Sargrad KR, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Boden GEffect of high protein vs high carbohydrate intake on insulin sensitivity, body weight, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusJ Am Diet Assoc.(2005 Apr)
    44. ^Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Stein TPEffect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetesAnn Intern Med.(2005 Mar 15)
    45. ^Heilbronn LK, Noakes M, Clifton PMEffect of energy restriction, weight loss, and diet composition on plasma lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetesDiabetes Care.(1999 Jun)
    46. ^Parker B, Noakes M, Luscombe N, Clifton PEffect of a high-protein, high-monounsaturated fat weight loss diet on glycemic control and lipid levels in type 2 diabetesDiabetes Care.(2002 Mar)
    47. ^Freire RScientific evidence of diets for weight loss: Different macronutrient composition, intermittent fasting, and popular dietsNutrition.(2020 Jan)
    48. ^Thomson RL, Buckley JD, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Norman RJ, Brinkworth GDThe effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2008 Sep)
    49. ^Strasser B, Spreitzer A, Haber PFat loss depends on energy deficit only, independently of the method for weight lossAnn Nutr Metab.(2007)
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    51. ^Golay A, Allaz AF, Ybarra J, Bianchi P, Saraiva S, Mensi N, Gomis R, de Tonnac NSimilar weight loss with low-energy food combining or balanced dietsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2000 Apr)

    Examine Database References

    1. Blood glucose - Adab Z, Eghtesadi S, Vafa MR, Heydari I, Shojaii A, Haqqani H, Arablou T, Eghtesadi MEffect of turmeric on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patientsPhytother Res.(2019 Apr)
    2. Blood glucose - Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A, Fogacci F, Bove M, Giovannini M, Borghi CEffects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialEur J Nutr.(2019 Feb 22)
    3. Weight - Mohammadi A, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M, Amini M, Khojasteh R, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GAEffects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trialPhytother Res.(2013 Mar)
    4. Weight - Unhapipatpong C, Polruang N, Shantavasinkul PC, Julanon N, Numthavaj P, Thakkinstian AThe effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr.(2023-May)
    5. Blood glucose - Nasim Abedimanesh, S Zahra Bathaie, Saeed Abedimanesh, Behrooz Motlagh, Ahmad Separham, Alireza OstadrahimiSaffron and crocin improved appetite, dietary intakes and body composition in patients with coronary artery diseaseJ Cardiovasc Thorac Res.(2017)
    6. Blood glucose - Milajerdi A, Jazayeri S, Hashemzadeh N, Shirzadi E, Derakhshan Z, Djazayeri A, Akhondzadeh SThe effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) hydroalcoholic extract on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trialJ Res Med Sci.(2018 Feb 20)
    7. Weight - Gout B, Bourges C, Paineau-Dubreuil SSatiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy womenNutr Res.(2010 May)
    8. Blood glucose - Westphal S, Borucki K, Taneva E, Makarova R, Luley CExtended-release niacin raises adiponectin and leptinAtherosclerosis.(2007 Aug)
    9. Blood glucose - Partsalaki I, Karvela A, Spiliotis BEMetabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescentsJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.(2012)
    10. Blood glucose - Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Stein TPEffect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetesAnn Intern Med.(2005 Mar 15)
    11. Blood glucose - Noakes M, Foster PR, Keogh JB, James AP, Mamo JC, Clifton PMComparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular riskNutr Metab (Lond).(2006 Jan 11)
    12. Blood glucose - Vazquez JA, Kazi ULipolysis and gluconeogenesis from glycerol during weight reduction with very-low-calorie dietsMetabolism.(1994 Oct)
    13. Blood glucose - Yancy WS Jr, Westman EC, McDuffie JR, Grambow SC, Jeffreys AS, Bolton J, Chalecki A, Oddone EZA randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight lossArch Intern Med.(2010 Jan 25)
    14. Blood glucose - Urbain P, Strom L, Morawski L, Wehrle A, Deibert P, Bertz HImpact of a 6-week non-energy-restricted ketogenic diet on physical fitness, body composition and biochemical parameters in healthy adultsNutr Metab (Lond).(2017 Feb 20)
    15. Blood glucose - Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DAA randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2003 Apr)
    16. Blood glucose - Hernandez TL, Sutherland JP, Wolfe P, Allian-Sauer M, Capell WH, Talley ND, Wyatt HR, Foster GD, Hill JO, Eckel RHLack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate dietAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Mar)
    17. Blood glucose - Parker N Hyde, Teryn N Sapper, Christopher D Crabtree, Richard A LaFountain, Madison L Bowling, Alex Buga, Brandon Fell, Fionn T McSwiney, Ryan M Dickerson, Vincent J Miller, Debbie Scandling, Orlando P Simonetti, Stephen D Phinney, William J Kraemer, Sarah A King, Ronald M Krauss, Jeff S VolekDietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight lossJCI Insight.(2019 Jun 20)
    18. Insulin - Zhou C, Wang M, Liang J, He G, Chen NKetogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails.Int J Environ Res Public Health.(2022 Aug 22)
    19. Weight - Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins H, Sears BKetogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate dietsAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 May)
    20. Weight - Mohamed Rafiullah, Mohthash Musambil, Satish Kumar DavidEffect of a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet vs recommended diets in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysisNutr Rev.(2021 Aug 2)
    21. Weight - Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Reza Bagheri, Omid Asbaghi, Grant M Tinsley, Wesam Kooti, Amir Abbasnezhad, Reza Afrisham, Alexei WongEffects of resistance training combined with a ketogenic diet on body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysisCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Feb 24)
    22. Weight - Marzieh Taftian, Sara Beigrezaei, Vahid Arabi, Amin Salehi-AbargoueiThe Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss in Adult Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical TrialsNutr Cancer.(2022 Feb 7)
    23. Weight - Mohammad Reza Amini, Azadeh Aminianfar, Sina Naghshi, Bagher Larijani, Ahmad EsmaillzadehThe effect of ketogenic diet on body composition and anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Jan 14)
    24. Blood glucose - Han JR, Deng B, Sun J, Chen CG, Corkey BE, Kirkland JL, Ma J, Guo WEffects of dietary medium-chain triglyceride on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in a group of moderately overweight free-living type 2 diabetic Chinese subjectsMetabolism.(2007 Jul)
    25. Metabolic Rate - A A Papamandjaris, M D White, P J JonesComponents of total energy expenditure in healthy young women are not affected after 14 days of feeding with medium-versus long-chain triglyceridesObes Res.(1999 May)
    26. Blood glucose - Aghdassi E, Arendt BM, Salit IE, Mohammed SS, Jalali P, Bondar H, Allard JPIn patients with HIV-infection, chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialCurr HIV Res.(2010 Mar)
    27. Blood glucose - Anton SD, Morrison CD, Cefalu WT, Martin CK, Coulon S, Geiselman P, Han H, White CL, Williamson DAEffects of chromium picolinate on food intake and satietyDiabetes Technol Ther.(2008 Oct)
    28. Blood glucose - Kim CW, Kim BT, Park KH, Kim KM, Lee DJ, Yang SW, Joo NSEffects of short-term chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Nutr Biochem.(2011 Nov)
    29. Blood glucose - Król E, Krejpcio Z, Byks H, Bogdański P, Pupek-Musialik DEffects of chromium brewer's yeast supplementation on body mass, blood carbohydrates, and lipids and minerals in type 2 diabetic patientsBiol Trace Elem Res.(2011 Nov)
    30. Weight - Lukaski HC, Siders WA, Penland JGChromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron statusNutrition.(2007 Mar)
    31. Blood glucose - Krebs JD, Browning LM, McLean NK, Rothwell JL, Mishra GD, Moore CS, Jebb SAAdditive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic womenInt J Obes (Lond).(2006 Oct)
    32. Weight - Kunesová M, Braunerová R, Hlavatý P, Tvrzická E, Stanková B, Skrha J, Hilgertová J, Hill M, Kopecký J, Wagenknecht M, Hainer V, Matoulek M, Parízková J, Zák A, Svacina SThe influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and very low calorie diet during a short-term weight reducing regimen on weight loss and serum fatty acid composition in severely obese womenPhysiol Res.(2006)
    33. Weight - Munro IA, Garg MLDietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA does not promote weight loss when combined with a very-low-energy dietBr J Nutr.(2012 Jan 3)
    34. 5-HETE - Nielsen MS, Gammelmark A, Madsen T, Obel T, Aardestrup I, Schmidt EBThe effect of low-dose marine n-3 fatty acids on the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites in overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trialProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.(2012 Jul)
    35. Blood glucose - Schwab U, Törrönen A, Toppinen L, Alfthan G, Saarinen M, Aro A, Uusitupa MBetaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2002 Nov)
    36. Blood glucose - Racine NM, Watras AC, Carrel AL, Allen DB, McVean JJ, Clark RR, O'Brien AR, O'Shea M, Scott CE, Schoeller DAEffect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese childrenAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 May)
    37. Blood glucose - Gaullier JM, Halse J, Høye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen OSupplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humansJ Nutr.(2005 Apr)
    38. Weight - Leigh E Norris, Angela L Collene, Michelle L Asp, Jason C Hsu, Li-Fen Liu, Julia R Richardson, Dongmei Li, Doris Bell, Kwame Osei, Rebecca D Jackson, Martha A BeluryComparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitusAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 Sep)
    39. Weight - Gaullier JM, Halse J, Høye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen OConjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2004 Jun)
    40. Weight - Diaz ML, Watkins BA, Li Y, Anderson RA, Campbell WWChromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight womenJ Nutr Biochem.(2008 Jan)
    41. Weight - Pinkoski C, Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Esliger D, Ewaschuk JB, Facci M, Farthing JP, Zello GAThe effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance trainingMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2006 Feb)
    42. Weight - Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen O, Astrup AConjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regainAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 Mar)
    43. Weight - Whigham LD, O'Shea M, Mohede IC, Walaski HP, Atkinson RLSafety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humansFood Chem Toxicol.(2004 Oct)
    44. Glycemic Control - Watras AC, Buchholz AC, Close RN, Zhang Z, Schoeller DAThe role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gainInt J Obes (Lond).(2007 Mar)
    45. Appetite - Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MSEffect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on appetite and food intake in overweight subjectsEur J Clin Nutr.(2003 Oct)
    46. Muscle Mass - Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MSThe effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjectsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2003 Jul)
    47. Blood glucose - Grant M Tinsley, M Lane Moore, Austin J Graybeal, Antonio Paoli, Youngdeok Kim, Joaquin U Gonzales, John R Harry, Trisha A VanDusseldorp, Devin N Kennedy, Megan R CruzTime-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2019 Sep 1)
    48. Insulin - Kelsey Gabel, Kristin K Hoddy, Nicole Haggerty, Jeehee Song, Cynthia M Kroeger, John F Trepanowski, Satchidananda Panda, Krista A VaradyEffects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot studyNutr Healthy Aging.(2018 Jun 15)
    49. Weight - Dorothea Kesztyüs, Petra Cermak, Markus Gulich, Tibor KesztyüsAdherence to Time-Restricted Feeding and Impact on Abdominal Obesity in Primary Care Patients: Results of a Pilot Study in a Pre-Post DesignNutrients.(2019 Nov 21)
    50. Cortisol - Matthew T Stratton, Grant M Tinsley, Michaela G Alesi, Garrett M Hester, Alex A Olmos, Paul R Serafini, Andrew S Modjeski, Gerald T Mangine, Kelsey King, Shelby N Savage, Austin T Webb, Trisha A VanDusseldorpFour Weeks of Time-Restricted Feeding Combined with Resistance Training Does Not Differentially Influence Measures of Body Composition, Muscle Performance, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Blood BiomarkersNutrients.(2020 Apr 17)
    51. Blood glucose - Nieman DC, Cayea EJ, Austin MD, Henson DA, McAnulty SR, Jin FChia seed does not promote weight loss or alter disease risk factors in overweight adultsNutr Res.(2009 Jun)
    52. Blood glucose - Arpita Basu, Mei Du, Misti J Leyva, Karah Sanchez, Nancy M Betts, Mingyuan Wu, Christopher E Aston, Timothy J LyonsBlueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndromeJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    53. Blood glucose - Barbara Frączek, Aleksandra Pięta, Adrian Burda, Paulina Mazur-Kurach, Florentyna TyrałaPaleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?Nutrients.(2021 Mar 21)
    54. Weight - Ehsan Ghaedi, Mohammad Mohammadi, Hamed Mohammadi, Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie, Janmohamad Malekzadeh, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh, Amin Salehi-AbargoueiEffects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsAdv Nutr.(2019 Jul 1)
    55. Weight - Ehrika Vanessa Almeida de Menezes, Helena Alves de Carvalho Sampaio, Antônio Augusto Ferreira Carioca, Nara Andrade Parente, Filipe Oliveira Brito, Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira, Ana Célia Caetano de Souza, Soraia Pinheiro Machado ArrudaInfluence of Paleolithic diet on anthropometric markers in chronic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysisNutr J.(2019 Jul 23)
    56. Blood glucose - Muhammad S Mansour, Yu-Ming Ni, Amy L Roberts, Michael Kelleman, Arindam Roychoudhury, Marie-Pierre St-OngeGinger consumption enhances the thermic effect of food and promotes feelings of satiety without affecting metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight men: a pilot studyMetabolism.(2012 Oct)
    57. Blood glucose - Yoshida H, Yanai H, Ito K, Tomono Y, Koikeda T, Tsukahara H, Tada NAdministration of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemiaAtherosclerosis.(2010 Apr)
    58. Blood glucose - Ngondi JL, Oben JE, Minka SRThe effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in CameroonLipids Health Dis.(2005 May 25)
    59. Blood glucose - Bang HS, Seo DY, Chung YM, Oh KM, Park JJ, Arturo F, Jeong SH, Kim N, Han JUrsolic Acid-induced elevation of serum irisin augments muscle strength during resistance training in menKorean J Physiol Pharmacol.(2014 Oct)
    60. Blood glucose - Qidwai W, Hamza HB, Qureshi R, Gilani AEffectiveness, safety, and tolerability of powdered Nigella sativa (kalonji) seed in capsules on serum lipid levels, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body weight in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind controlled trialJ Altern Complement Med.(2009 Jun)
    61. Weight - Mousavi SM, Sheikhi A, Varkaneh HK, Zarezadeh M, Rahmani J, Milajerdi AEffect of Nigella sativa supplementation on obesity indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Complement Ther Med.(2018-Jun)
    62. Blood glucose - Baer DJ, Stote KS, Paul DR, Harris GK, Rumpler WV, Clevidence BAWhey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese adultsJ Nutr.(2011 Aug)
    63. Insulin - Pal S, Ellis V, Dhaliwal SEffects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individualsBr J Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    64. Weight - Frestedt JL, Zenk JL, Kuskowski MA, Ward LS, Bastian EDA whey-protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in obese subjects: a randomized human clinical studyNutr Metab (Lond).(2008 Mar 27)
    65. Weight - Sepandi M, Samadi M, Shirvani H, Alimohamadi Y, Taghdir M, Goudarzi F, Akbarzadeh IEffect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2022-Aug)
    66. Appetite - J Lorenzen, R Frederiksen, C Hoppe, R Hvid, A AstrupThe effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesisEur J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
    67. Blood glucose - Andersson U, Berger K, Högberg A, Landin-Olsson M, Holm CEffects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese personsEur J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
    68. Blood glucose - Koncz D, Tóth B, Bahar MA, Roza O, Csupor DThe Safety and Efficacy of (Bitter Orange) Extracts and -Synephrine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2022-Sep-28)
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