Weight Loss & Maintenance

    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    This goal refers to people with a BMI >25 attempting to reach/maintain their ideal weight. While interventions that work for people with a BMI >25 may also work for people with a lower BMI, the context is often sufficiently different that this isn't assured.

    Weight Loss & Maintenance falls under the Fat Loss category.

    51 references on this page
    1,146,897 participants in 125 trials and 33 meta-analyses

    Examine Database: Weight Loss & Maintenance

    Ketogenic Diet
    Conjugated Linoleic Acid
    Vegan Diet
    Green Tea Extract
    Chromium
    Creatine
    Psyllium
    Whey Protein
    16:8 Intermittent Fasting
    Caffeine
    Curcumin
    Ephedrine
    Fish Oil
    Cannabis
    Garcinia
    L-Carnitine
    Paleolithic Diet
    Pyruvate
    Saffron
    Spirulina
    Aspartame
    Bitter orange
    Black seed
    Capsaicin
    Cocoa Extract
    Coleus forskohlii
    DHEA
    Fenugreek
    Grapefruit
    HMB
    Mediterranean Diet
    Medium-chain Triglycerides
    Yerba Mate
    5-HTP
    African Mango
    Apple Cider Vinegar
    Ashwagandha
    Astaxanthin
    Beta-glucans
    Betaine
    Blueberry
    Brown Seaweed Extract
    CDP-Choline
    Chia seeds
    Colostrum
    ECA
    Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
    Ginger
    Kefir
    L-Tyrosine
    Licorice
    Magnesium
    Milk Protein
    Niacin (Vitamin B3)
    Nicotine
    Probiotics
    Pterostilbene
    Quercetin
    Rose Hip
    Safflower Oil
    Stevia
    Ursolic Acid
    Vitamin C
    Vitamin D
    Zinc

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Examine Database References

    1. Blood glucose - Adab Z, Eghtesadi S, Vafa MR, Heydari I, Shojaii A, Haqqani H, Arablou T, Eghtesadi MEffect of turmeric on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patientsPhytother Res.(2019 Apr)
    2. Blood glucose - Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A, Fogacci F, Bove M, Giovannini M, Borghi CEffects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialEur J Nutr.(2019 Feb 22)
    3. Weight - Mohammadi A, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M, Amini M, Khojasteh R, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GAEffects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trialPhytother Res.(2013 Mar)
    4. Weight - Unhapipatpong C, Polruang N, Shantavasinkul PC, Julanon N, Numthavaj P, Thakkinstian AThe effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr.(2023-May)
    5. Blood glucose - Nasim Abedimanesh, S Zahra Bathaie, Saeed Abedimanesh, Behrooz Motlagh, Ahmad Separham, Alireza OstadrahimiSaffron and crocin improved appetite, dietary intakes and body composition in patients with coronary artery diseaseJ Cardiovasc Thorac Res.(2017)
    6. Blood glucose - Milajerdi A, Jazayeri S, Hashemzadeh N, Shirzadi E, Derakhshan Z, Djazayeri A, Akhondzadeh SThe effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) hydroalcoholic extract on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trialJ Res Med Sci.(2018 Feb 20)
    7. Weight - Gout B, Bourges C, Paineau-Dubreuil SSatiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy womenNutr Res.(2010 May)
    8. Blood glucose - Westphal S, Borucki K, Taneva E, Makarova R, Luley CExtended-release niacin raises adiponectin and leptinAtherosclerosis.(2007 Aug)
    9. Blood glucose - Partsalaki I, Karvela A, Spiliotis BEMetabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescentsJ Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.(2012)
    10. Blood glucose - Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Stein TPEffect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetesAnn Intern Med.(2005 Mar 15)
    11. Blood glucose - Noakes M, Foster PR, Keogh JB, James AP, Mamo JC, Clifton PMComparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular riskNutr Metab (Lond).(2006 Jan 11)
    12. Blood glucose - Vazquez JA, Kazi ULipolysis and gluconeogenesis from glycerol during weight reduction with very-low-calorie dietsMetabolism.(1994 Oct)
    13. Blood glucose - Yancy WS Jr, Westman EC, McDuffie JR, Grambow SC, Jeffreys AS, Bolton J, Chalecki A, Oddone EZA randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight lossArch Intern Med.(2010 Jan 25)
    14. Blood glucose - Urbain P, Strom L, Morawski L, Wehrle A, Deibert P, Bertz HImpact of a 6-week non-energy-restricted ketogenic diet on physical fitness, body composition and biochemical parameters in healthy adultsNutr Metab (Lond).(2017 Feb 20)
    15. Blood glucose - Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DAA randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2003 Apr)
    16. Blood glucose - Hernandez TL, Sutherland JP, Wolfe P, Allian-Sauer M, Capell WH, Talley ND, Wyatt HR, Foster GD, Hill JO, Eckel RHLack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate dietAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Mar)
    17. Blood glucose - Parker N Hyde, Teryn N Sapper, Christopher D Crabtree, Richard A LaFountain, Madison L Bowling, Alex Buga, Brandon Fell, Fionn T McSwiney, Ryan M Dickerson, Vincent J Miller, Debbie Scandling, Orlando P Simonetti, Stephen D Phinney, William J Kraemer, Sarah A King, Ronald M Krauss, Jeff S VolekDietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight lossJCI Insight.(2019 Jun 20)
    18. Insulin - Zhou C, Wang M, Liang J, He G, Chen NKetogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails.Int J Environ Res Public Health.(2022 Aug 22)
    19. Weight - Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins H, Sears BKetogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate dietsAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 May)
    20. Weight - Mohamed Rafiullah, Mohthash Musambil, Satish Kumar DavidEffect of a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet vs recommended diets in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysisNutr Rev.(2021 Aug 2)
    21. Weight - Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Reza Bagheri, Omid Asbaghi, Grant M Tinsley, Wesam Kooti, Amir Abbasnezhad, Reza Afrisham, Alexei WongEffects of resistance training combined with a ketogenic diet on body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysisCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Feb 24)
    22. Weight - Marzieh Taftian, Sara Beigrezaei, Vahid Arabi, Amin Salehi-AbargoueiThe Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss in Adult Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical TrialsNutr Cancer.(2022 Feb 7)
    23. Weight - Mohammad Reza Amini, Azadeh Aminianfar, Sina Naghshi, Bagher Larijani, Ahmad EsmaillzadehThe effect of ketogenic diet on body composition and anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Jan 14)
    24. Blood glucose - Han JR, Deng B, Sun J, Chen CG, Corkey BE, Kirkland JL, Ma J, Guo WEffects of dietary medium-chain triglyceride on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in a group of moderately overweight free-living type 2 diabetic Chinese subjectsMetabolism.(2007 Jul)
    25. Metabolic Rate - A A Papamandjaris, M D White, P J JonesComponents of total energy expenditure in healthy young women are not affected after 14 days of feeding with medium-versus long-chain triglyceridesObes Res.(1999 May)
    26. Blood glucose - Aghdassi E, Arendt BM, Salit IE, Mohammed SS, Jalali P, Bondar H, Allard JPIn patients with HIV-infection, chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialCurr HIV Res.(2010 Mar)
    27. Blood glucose - Anton SD, Morrison CD, Cefalu WT, Martin CK, Coulon S, Geiselman P, Han H, White CL, Williamson DAEffects of chromium picolinate on food intake and satietyDiabetes Technol Ther.(2008 Oct)
    28. Blood glucose - Kim CW, Kim BT, Park KH, Kim KM, Lee DJ, Yang SW, Joo NSEffects of short-term chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Nutr Biochem.(2011 Nov)
    29. Blood glucose - Król E, Krejpcio Z, Byks H, Bogdański P, Pupek-Musialik DEffects of chromium brewer's yeast supplementation on body mass, blood carbohydrates, and lipids and minerals in type 2 diabetic patientsBiol Trace Elem Res.(2011 Nov)
    30. Weight - Lukaski HC, Siders WA, Penland JGChromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron statusNutrition.(2007 Mar)
    31. Blood glucose - Krebs JD, Browning LM, McLean NK, Rothwell JL, Mishra GD, Moore CS, Jebb SAAdditive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic womenInt J Obes (Lond).(2006 Oct)
    32. Weight - Kunesová M, Braunerová R, Hlavatý P, Tvrzická E, Stanková B, Skrha J, Hilgertová J, Hill M, Kopecký J, Wagenknecht M, Hainer V, Matoulek M, Parízková J, Zák A, Svacina SThe influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and very low calorie diet during a short-term weight reducing regimen on weight loss and serum fatty acid composition in severely obese womenPhysiol Res.(2006)
    33. Weight - Munro IA, Garg MLDietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA does not promote weight loss when combined with a very-low-energy dietBr J Nutr.(2012 Jan 3)
    34. 5-HETE - Nielsen MS, Gammelmark A, Madsen T, Obel T, Aardestrup I, Schmidt EBThe effect of low-dose marine n-3 fatty acids on the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites in overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trialProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.(2012 Jul)
    35. Blood glucose - Schwab U, Törrönen A, Toppinen L, Alfthan G, Saarinen M, Aro A, Uusitupa MBetaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2002 Nov)
    36. Blood glucose - Racine NM, Watras AC, Carrel AL, Allen DB, McVean JJ, Clark RR, O'Brien AR, O'Shea M, Scott CE, Schoeller DAEffect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese childrenAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 May)
    37. Blood glucose - Gaullier JM, Halse J, Høye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen OSupplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humansJ Nutr.(2005 Apr)
    38. Weight - Leigh E Norris, Angela L Collene, Michelle L Asp, Jason C Hsu, Li-Fen Liu, Julia R Richardson, Dongmei Li, Doris Bell, Kwame Osei, Rebecca D Jackson, Martha A BeluryComparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitusAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 Sep)
    39. Weight - Gaullier JM, Halse J, Høye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen OConjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2004 Jun)
    40. Weight - Diaz ML, Watkins BA, Li Y, Anderson RA, Campbell WWChromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight womenJ Nutr Biochem.(2008 Jan)
    41. Weight - Pinkoski C, Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Esliger D, Ewaschuk JB, Facci M, Farthing JP, Zello GAThe effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance trainingMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2006 Feb)
    42. Weight - Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen O, Astrup AConjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regainAm J Clin Nutr.(2006 Mar)
    43. Weight - Whigham LD, O'Shea M, Mohede IC, Walaski HP, Atkinson RLSafety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humansFood Chem Toxicol.(2004 Oct)
    44. Glycemic Control - Watras AC, Buchholz AC, Close RN, Zhang Z, Schoeller DAThe role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gainInt J Obes (Lond).(2007 Mar)
    45. Appetite - Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MSEffect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on appetite and food intake in overweight subjectsEur J Clin Nutr.(2003 Oct)
    46. Muscle Mass - Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, Westerterp-Plantenga MSThe effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjectsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2003 Jul)
    47. Blood glucose - Grant M Tinsley, M Lane Moore, Austin J Graybeal, Antonio Paoli, Youngdeok Kim, Joaquin U Gonzales, John R Harry, Trisha A VanDusseldorp, Devin N Kennedy, Megan R CruzTime-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2019 Sep 1)
    48. Insulin - Kelsey Gabel, Kristin K Hoddy, Nicole Haggerty, Jeehee Song, Cynthia M Kroeger, John F Trepanowski, Satchidananda Panda, Krista A VaradyEffects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot studyNutr Healthy Aging.(2018 Jun 15)
    49. Weight - Dorothea Kesztyüs, Petra Cermak, Markus Gulich, Tibor KesztyüsAdherence to Time-Restricted Feeding and Impact on Abdominal Obesity in Primary Care Patients: Results of a Pilot Study in a Pre-Post DesignNutrients.(2019 Nov 21)
    50. Cortisol - Matthew T Stratton, Grant M Tinsley, Michaela G Alesi, Garrett M Hester, Alex A Olmos, Paul R Serafini, Andrew S Modjeski, Gerald T Mangine, Kelsey King, Shelby N Savage, Austin T Webb, Trisha A VanDusseldorpFour Weeks of Time-Restricted Feeding Combined with Resistance Training Does Not Differentially Influence Measures of Body Composition, Muscle Performance, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Blood BiomarkersNutrients.(2020 Apr 17)
    51. Blood glucose - Nieman DC, Cayea EJ, Austin MD, Henson DA, McAnulty SR, Jin FChia seed does not promote weight loss or alter disease risk factors in overweight adultsNutr Res.(2009 Jun)
    52. Blood glucose - Arpita Basu, Mei Du, Misti J Leyva, Karah Sanchez, Nancy M Betts, Mingyuan Wu, Christopher E Aston, Timothy J LyonsBlueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndromeJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    53. Blood glucose - Barbara Frączek, Aleksandra Pięta, Adrian Burda, Paulina Mazur-Kurach, Florentyna TyrałaPaleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?Nutrients.(2021 Mar 21)
    54. Weight - Ehsan Ghaedi, Mohammad Mohammadi, Hamed Mohammadi, Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie, Janmohamad Malekzadeh, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh, Amin Salehi-AbargoueiEffects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsAdv Nutr.(2019 Jul 1)
    55. Weight - Ehrika Vanessa Almeida de Menezes, Helena Alves de Carvalho Sampaio, Antônio Augusto Ferreira Carioca, Nara Andrade Parente, Filipe Oliveira Brito, Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira, Ana Célia Caetano de Souza, Soraia Pinheiro Machado ArrudaInfluence of Paleolithic diet on anthropometric markers in chronic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysisNutr J.(2019 Jul 23)
    56. Blood glucose - Muhammad S Mansour, Yu-Ming Ni, Amy L Roberts, Michael Kelleman, Arindam Roychoudhury, Marie-Pierre St-OngeGinger consumption enhances the thermic effect of food and promotes feelings of satiety without affecting metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight men: a pilot studyMetabolism.(2012 Oct)
    57. Blood glucose - Yoshida H, Yanai H, Ito K, Tomono Y, Koikeda T, Tsukahara H, Tada NAdministration of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemiaAtherosclerosis.(2010 Apr)
    58. Blood glucose - Ngondi JL, Oben JE, Minka SRThe effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in CameroonLipids Health Dis.(2005 May 25)
    59. Blood glucose - Bang HS, Seo DY, Chung YM, Oh KM, Park JJ, Arturo F, Jeong SH, Kim N, Han JUrsolic Acid-induced elevation of serum irisin augments muscle strength during resistance training in menKorean J Physiol Pharmacol.(2014 Oct)
    60. Blood glucose - Qidwai W, Hamza HB, Qureshi R, Gilani AEffectiveness, safety, and tolerability of powdered Nigella sativa (kalonji) seed in capsules on serum lipid levels, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body weight in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind controlled trialJ Altern Complement Med.(2009 Jun)
    61. Weight - Mousavi SM, Sheikhi A, Varkaneh HK, Zarezadeh M, Rahmani J, Milajerdi AEffect of Nigella sativa supplementation on obesity indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Complement Ther Med.(2018-Jun)
    62. Blood glucose - Baer DJ, Stote KS, Paul DR, Harris GK, Rumpler WV, Clevidence BAWhey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese adultsJ Nutr.(2011 Aug)
    63. Insulin - Pal S, Ellis V, Dhaliwal SEffects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individualsBr J Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    64. Weight - Frestedt JL, Zenk JL, Kuskowski MA, Ward LS, Bastian EDA whey-protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in obese subjects: a randomized human clinical studyNutr Metab (Lond).(2008 Mar 27)
    65. Weight - Sepandi M, Samadi M, Shirvani H, Alimohamadi Y, Taghdir M, Goudarzi F, Akbarzadeh IEffect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2022-Aug)
    66. Appetite - J Lorenzen, R Frederiksen, C Hoppe, R Hvid, A AstrupThe effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesisEur J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
    67. Blood glucose - Andersson U, Berger K, Högberg A, Landin-Olsson M, Holm CEffects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese personsEur J Clin Nutr.(2012 May)
    68. Blood glucose - Koncz D, Tóth B, Bahar MA, Roza O, Csupor DThe Safety and Efficacy of (Bitter Orange) Extracts and -Synephrine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2022-Sep-28)
    69. Weight - Greenway F, de Jonge-Levitan L, Martin C, Roberts A, Grundy I, Parker CDietary herbal supplements with phenylephrine for weight loss.J Med Food.(2006)
    70. Insulin - C S Mantzoros, A S Prasad, F W Beck, S Grabowski, J Kaplan, C Adair, G J BrewerZinc may regulate serum leptin concentrations in humansJ Am Coll Nutr.(1998 Jun)
    71. Insulin - Hana Kahleova, James McCann, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Andrea Tura, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardA plant-based diet in overweight adults in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: The role of dietary acid loadClin Nutr ESPEN.(2021 Aug)
    72. Insulin - Hana Kahleova, Andrea Tura, Martin Hill, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardA Plant-Based Dietary Intervention Improves Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults: A 16-Week Randomized Clinical TrialNutrients.(2018 Feb 9)
    73. Weight - Neal D Barnard, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Liz Brandon, Minh Nguyen, Andrea Goergen, Taylor Horne, Gabriel F do Nascimento, Kundanika Lakkadi, Andrea Tura, Richard Holubkov, Hana KahleovaA Mediterranean Diet and Low-Fat Vegan Diet to Improve Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized, Cross-over TrialJ Am Coll Nutr.(2021 Feb 5)
    74. Weight - Neal D Barnard, Susan M Levin, Yoko YokoyamaA systematic review and meta-analysis of changes in body weight in clinical trials of vegetarian dietsJ Acad Nutr Diet.(2015 Jun)
    75. Weight - Neal D Barnard, Anthony R Scialli, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, Amy J Lanou, Jolie GlassThe effects of a low-fat, plant-based dietary intervention on body weight, metabolism, and insulin sensitivityAm J Med.(2005 Sep)
    76. Weight - Hana Kahleova, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I Shulman, Jihad Alwarith, Emilie Rembert, Andrea Tura, Martin Hill, Richard Holubkov, Neal D BarnardEffect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA Netw Open.(2020 Nov 2)
    77. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - F Eichelmann, L Schwingshackl, V Fedirko, K AleksandrovaEffect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trialsObes Rev.(2016 Nov)
    78. Blood Pressure - Hope R Ferdowsian, Neal D Barnard, Valerie J Hoover, Heather I Katcher, Susan M Levin, Amber A Green, Joshua L CohenA multicomponent intervention reduces body weight and cardiovascular risk at a GEICO corporate siteAm J Health Promot.(Jul-Aug 2010)
    79. Blood Pressure - Michael Macknin, Tammie Kong, Adam Weier, Sarah Worley, Anne S Tang, Naim Alkhouri, Mladen GolubicPlant-based, no-added-fat or American Heart Association diets: impact on cardiovascular risk in obese children with hypercholesterolemia and their parentsJ Pediatr.(2015 Apr)
    80. Blood Pressure - Richard J Bloomer, Trint A Gunnels, JohnHenry M SchrieferComparison of a Restricted and Unrestricted Vegan Diet Plan with a Restricted Omnivorous Diet Plan on Health-Specific MeasuresHealthcare (Basel).(2015 Jul 14)
    81. Insulin - Bell ZW, Canale RE, Bloomer RJA dual investigation of the effect of dietary supplementation with licorice flavonoid oil on anthropometric and biochemical markers of health and adiposityLipids Health Dis.(2011 Feb 10)
    82. Insulin - Chevassus H, Gaillard JB, Farret A, Costa F, Gabillaud I, Mas E, Dupuy AM, Michel F, Cantié C, Renard E, Galtier F, Petit PA fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat intake in overweight subjectsEur J Clin Pharmacol.(2010 May)
    83. Appetite - Chevassus H, Molinier N, Costa F, Galtier F, Renard E, Petit PA fenugreek seed extract selectively reduces spontaneous fat consumption in healthy volunteersEur J Clin Pharmacol.(2009 Dec)
    84. Insulin - Santos NC, de Araujo LM, De Luca Canto G, Guerra ENS, Coelho MS, Borin MFMetabolic effects of aspartame in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trialsCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2018)
    85. Weight - Ingrid Toews, Szimonetta Lohner, Daniela Küllenberg de Gaudry, Harriet Sommer, Joerg J MeerpohlAssociation Between Intake of Non-Sugar Sweeteners and Health Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Randomised and Non-Randomised Controlled Trials and Observational StudiesBMJ.(2019 Jan 2)
    86. Insulin - Hayley L Loftus, Katie J Astell, Michael L Mathai, Xiao Q SuColeus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled TrialNutrients.(2015 Nov 17)
    87. Weight - Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SRBody composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese menObes Res.(2005 Aug)
    88. Weight - Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cascino A, Del Ben M, Laviano A, Muscaritoli M, Antonucci F, Rossi-Fanelli FEating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophanAm J Clin Nutr.(1992 Nov)
    89. Weight - Moein Askarpour, Amir Hadi, Maryam Miraghajani, Michael E Symonds, Ali Sheikhi, Ehsan GhaediBeneficial effects of l-carnitine supplementation for weight management in overweight and obese adults: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPharmacol Res.(2020 Jan)
    90. Weight - Klaus D Wutzke, Henrik LorenzThe effect of l-carnitine on fat oxidation, protein turnover, and body composition in slightly overweight subjectsMetabolism.(2004 Aug)
    91. Total cholesterol - Pistone G, Marino A, Leotta C, Dell'Arte S, Finocchiaro G, Malaguarnera MLevocarnitine administration in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue: effect on body composition, lipid profile and fatigueDrugs Aging.(2003)
    92. Weight - Karin Ried, Oliver R Frank, Nigel P StocksDark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trialBMC Complement Altern Med.(2009 Jul 8)
    93. Weight - Davison K, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PREffect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjectsInt J Obes (Lond).(2008 Aug)
    94. Weight - Zittermann A, Frisch S, Berthold HK, Götting C, Kuhn J, Kleesiek K, Stehle P, Koertke H, Koerfer RVitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markersAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 May)
    95. Weight - Yasamin Fathi, Shiva Faghih, Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad, Sayed Hamid Reza TabatabaeiKefir drink leads to a similar weight loss, compared with milk, in a dairy-rich non-energy-restricted diet in overweight or obese premenopausal women: a randomized controlled trialEur J Nutr.(2016 Feb)
    96. Weight - Killgore WD, Ross AJ, Kamiya T, Kawada Y, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DACiticoline affects appetite and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foodsInt J Eat Disord.(2010 Jan)
    97. Weight - Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Joshi KBody Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress Through Treatment With Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled TrialJ Evid Based Complementary Altern Med.(2017 Jan)
    98. Weight - Ostojic SM, Calleja J, Jourkesh MEffects of short-term dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on body composition in young athletesChin J Physiol.(2010 Feb 28)
    99. Bone Mineral Density - von Mühlen D, Laughlin GA, Kritz-Silverstein D, Bergstrom J, Bettencourt REffect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on bone mineral density, bone markers, and body composition in older adults: the DAWN trialOsteoporos Int.(2008 May)
    100. Weight - Caitlin A Dow, Scott B Going, Hsiao-Hui S Chow, Bhimanagouda S Patil, Cynthia A ThomsonThe effects of daily consumption of grapefruit on body weight, lipids, and blood pressure in healthy, overweight adultsMetabolism.(2012 Jul)
    101. Weight - Dallas C, Gerbi A, Tenca G, Juchaux F, Bernard FXLipolytic effect of a polyphenolic citrus dry extract of red orange, grapefruit, orange (SINETROL) in human body fat adipocytes. Mechanism of action by inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE)Phytomedicine.(2008 Oct)
    102. Weight - Astrup A, Lundsgaard C, Madsen J, Christensen NJEnhanced thermogenic responsiveness during chronic ephedrine treatment in manAm J Clin Nutr.(1985 Jul)
    103. Weight - Bogacka I, Gettys TW, de Jonge L, Nguyen T, Smith JM, Xie H, Greenway F, Smith SRThe effect of beta-adrenergic and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma stimulation on target genes related to lipid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissueDiabetes Care.(2007 May)
    104. Weight - Boozer CN, Daly PA, Homel P, Solomon JL, Blanchard D, Nasser JA, Strauss R, Meredith THerbal ephedra/caffeine for weight loss: a 6-month randomized safety and efficacy trialInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2002 May)
    105. Weight - Coffey CS, Steiner D, Baker BA, Allison DBA randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of a product containing ephedrine, caffeine, and other ingredients from herbal sources for treatment of overweight and obesity in the absence of lifestyle treatmentInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(2004 Nov)
    106. Weight - Branch JDEffect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysisInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2003 Jun)
    107. Weight - Wu Y, Hu X, Chen LEffects of Creatine in Trained Athletes: A Meta-analysis of 21 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.Am J Ther.(2020)
    108. Weight - Forbes SC, Candow DG, Krentz JR, Roberts MD, Young KCChanges in Fat Mass Following Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training in Adults ≥50 Years of Age: A Meta-Analysis.J Funct Morphol Kinesiol.(2019-Aug-23)
    109. Body Fat - Antonio J, Ciccone VThe effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strengthJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2013 Aug 6)
    110. Muscle Mass - Saremi A, Gharakhanloo R, Sharghi S, Gharaati MR, Larijani B, Omidfar KEffects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1Mol Cell Endocrinol.(2010 Apr 12)
    111. Weight - Meysam Zarezadeh, Amir Hossein Faghfouri, Nima Radkhah, Elaheh Foroumandi, Masoud Khorshidi, Ahmadreza Rasouli, Mahtab Zarei, Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar, Nazanin Hazhir Karzar, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi MamaghaniSpirulina supplementation and anthropometric indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trialsPhytother Res.(2020 Sep 23)
    112. Weight - Reyhaneh Yousefi, Azadeh Mottaghi, Atoosa SaidpourSpirulina platensis effectively ameliorates anthropometric measurements and obesity-related metabolic disorders in obese or overweight healthy individuals: A randomized controlled trialComplement Ther Med.(2018 Oct)
    113. Weight - Reza Bagheri, Raoof Negaresh, Mohamad S Motevalli, Alexei Wong, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Mehdi Kargarfard, Amir RashidlamirSpirulina supplementation during gradual weight loss in competitive wrestlersBr J Nutr.(2021 Mar 15)
    114. Weight - Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, Choi MSDoes Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trialNutr J.(2011 Sep 21)
    115. Weight - Mattes RD, Bormann LEffects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variablesPhysiol Behav.(2000 Oct 1-15)
    116. Weight - Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, Pietrobelli A, Greenfield D, Nunez CGarcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trialJAMA.(1998 Nov 11)
    117. Weight - Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Slavotinek JP, Kurmis APEffect of bovine colostrum supplementation on the composition of resistance trained and untrained limbs in healthy young menEur J Appl Physiol.(2004 Jan)
    118. Weight - Hsu CH, Tsai TH, Kao YH, Hwang KC, Tseng TY, Chou PEffect of green tea extract on obese women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialClin Nutr.(2008 Jun)
    119. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Stendell-Hollis NR, Thomson CA, Thompson PA, Bea JW, Cussler EC, Hakim IAGreen tea improves metabolic biomarkers, not weight or body composition: a pilot study in overweight breast cancer survivorsJ Hum Nutr Diet.(2010 Dec)
    120. Body Fat - Wang H, Wen Y, Du Y, Yan X, Guo H, Rycroft JA, Boon N, Kovacs EM, Mela DJEffects of catechin enriched green tea on body compositionObesity (Silver Spring).(2010 Apr)
    121. Body Fat - Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Dulloo AG, Tremblay A, Tappy L, Rumpler W, Westerterp-Plantenga MSThe effects of catechin rich teas and caffeine on energy expenditure and fat oxidation: a meta-analysisObes Rev.(2011 Jul)
    122. Body Fat - Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MSThe effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysisInt J Obes (Lond).(2009 Sep)
    123. Fat Oxidation - Boschmann M, Thielecke FThe effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and fat oxidation in obese men: a pilot studyJ Am Coll Nutr.(2007 Aug)
    124. Weight - Ostojic SM, Ahmetovic ZThe effect of 4 weeks treatment with a 2-gram daily dose of pyruvate on body composition in healthy trained menInt J Vitam Nutr Res.(2009 May)
    125. Weight - Stanko RT, Reynolds HR, Hoyson R, Janosky JE, Wolf RPyruvate supplementation of a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet: effects on plasma lipid concentrations and body composition in hyperlipidemic patientsAm J Clin Nutr.(1994 Feb)
    126. Body Fat - Koh-Banerjee PK, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, Bowden RG, Cowan PN, Almada AL, Kreider RBEffects of calcium pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exerciseNutrition.(2005 Mar)
    127. Weight - Riche DM, Riche KD, Blackshear CT, McEwen CL, Sherman JJ, Wofford MR, Griswold MEPterostilbene on metabolic parameters: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trialEvid Based Complement Alternat Med.(2014)
    128. Weight - Knab AM, Shanely RA, Jin F, Austin MD, Sha W, Nieman DCQuercetin with vitamin C and niacin does not affect body mass or compositionAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2011 Jun)
    129. Weight - Abidov M, Ramazanov Z, Seifulla R, Grachev SThe effects of Xanthigen in the weight management of obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and normal liver fatDiabetes Obes Metab.(2010 Jan)
    130. Weight - Khezri, S, et alBeneficial effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on weight management, Visceral Adiposity Index and lipid profile in overweight or obese subjects receiving restricted calorie diet: A randomized clinical trialJ. Funct. Foods.()
    131. Weight - Asbaghi O, Hosseini R, Boozari B, Ghaedi E, Kashkooli S, Moradi SThe Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Biol Trace Elem Res.(2021-Feb)
    132. Weight - Gibb RD, Sloan KJ, McRorie JWPsyllium is a natural nonfermented gel-forming fiber that is effective for weight loss: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis.J Am Assoc Nurse Pract.(2023-Aug-01)
    133. Weight - Shahinfar H, Jayedi A, Torabynasab K, Payandeh N, Martami F, Moosavi H, Bazshahi E, Shab-Bidar SComparative effects of nutraceuticals on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 111 randomized clinical trials.Pharmacol Res.(2023-Oct)
    134. Appetite - Bergmann JF, Chassany O, Petit A, Triki R, Caulin C, Segrestaa JMCorrelation between echographic gastric emptying and appetite: influence of psylliumGut.(1992 Aug)
    135. Appetite - H J Delargy, K R O'Sullivan, R J Fletcher, J E BlundellEffects of amount and type of dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble) on short-term control of appetiteInt J Food Sci Nutr.(1997 Jan)
    136. Appetite - Turnbull WH, Thomas HGThe effect of a Plantago ovata seed containing preparation on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intakeInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord.(1995 May)
    137. Weight - Esposito K, Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB, Giugliano DMediterranean diet and weight loss: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Metab Syndr Relat Disord.(2011-Feb)
    138. Waist circumference - López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Sotos-Prieto M, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Kales SNMediterranean Diet-Based Interventions to Improve Anthropometric and Obesity Indicators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Adv Nutr.(2023-Jul)
    139. Weight - Jafari A, Gholizadeh E, Sadrmanesh O, Tajpour S, Yarizadeh H, Zamani B, Sohrabi ZThe effect of folic acid supplementation on body weight and body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2023-Feb)
    140. Weight - Zhang W, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhou Q, Wang P, Qing Y, Sun CThe effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr.(2023-Nov-14)
    141. Blood Pressure - Yoshioka M, Imanaga M, Ueyama H, Yamane M, Kubo Y, Boivin A, St-Amand J, Tanaka H, Kiyonaga AMaximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouthBr J Nutr.(2004 Jun)
    142. Weight - Rahmani J, Miri A, Černevičiūtė R, Thompson J, de Souza NN, Sultana R, Kord Varkaneh H, Mousavi SM, Hekmatdoost AEffects of cereal beta-glucan consumption on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and total energy intake: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Complement Ther Med.(2019 Apr)
    143. Weight - Shin SM, Park JS, Kim SB, Cho YH, Seo H, Lee HSA 12-Week, Single-Centre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKO-001 in Reducing Body Fat.Nutrients.(2024 Apr 11)
    144. Appetite - Suzanne E M de Bruijn, Cees de Graaf, Renger F Witkamp, Gerry JagerExplorative Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Intervention Study with Low Doses of Inhaled Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Reveals No Effect on Sweet Taste Intensity Perception and Liking in HumansCannabis Cannabinoid Res.(2017 Jun 1)
    145. Appetite - Nathalie Weltens, Inge Depoortere, Jan Tack, Lukas Van OudenhoveEffect of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration on subjective and metabolic hormone responses to food stimuli and food intake in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled studyAm J Clin Nutr.(2019 Apr 1)
    146. Leptin - Mehdi Farokhnia, Gray R McDiarmid, Matthew N Newmeyer, Vikas Munjal, Osama A Abulseoud, Marilyn A Huestis, Lorenzo LeggioEffects of oral, smoked, and vaporized cannabis on endocrine pathways related to appetite and metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, human laboratory studyTransl Psychiatry.(2020 Feb 19)
    147. Appetite - Gavrieli A, Yannakoulia M, Fragopoulou E, Margaritopoulos D, Chamberland JP, Kaisari P, Kavouras SA, Mantzoros CSCaffeinated coffee does not acutely affect energy intake, appetite, or inflammation but prevents serum cortisol concentrations from falling in healthy menJ Nutr.(2011 Apr 1)
    148. Fat Oxidation - Conger SA, Tuthill LM, Millard-Stafford MLDoes Caffeine Increase Fat Metabolism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2023-Mar-01)
    149. Fat Oxidation - Collado-Mateo D, Lavín-Pérez AM, Merellano-Navarro E, Coso JDEffect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2020-Nov-24)
    150. Appetite - Anton SD, Martin CK, Han H, Coulon S, Cefalu WT, Geiselman P, Williamson DAEffects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levelsAppetite.(2010 Aug)
    151. Blood Pressure - Martinet A, Hostettmann K, Schutz YThermogenic effects of commercially available plant preparations aimed at treating human obesityPhytomedicine.(1999 Oct)
    152. Metabolic Rate - Alkhatib AYerba Maté (Illex Paraguariensis) ingestion augments fat oxidation and energy expenditure during exercise at various submaximal intensitiesNutr Metab (Lond).(2014 Sep 2)
    153. Blood Pressure - Egert S, Rimbach G, Müller MJNo evidence for a thermic effect of the dietary flavonol quercetin: a pilot study in healthy normal-weight womenEur J Appl Physiol.(2011 May)
    154. Food Intake - Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SWBeta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free massMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2000 Dec)
    155. Food Intake - Kreider RB, Ferreira M, Wilson M, Almada ALEffects of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during resistance-training on markers of catabolism, body composition and strengthInt J Sports Med.(1999 Nov)
    156. Subjective Well-Being - Lorenza S Colzato, Bryant J Jongkees, Roberta Sellaro, Wery P M van den Wildenberg, Bernhard HommelEating to stop: tyrosine supplementation enhances inhibitory control but not response executionNeuropsychologia.(2014 Sep)
    157. Metabolic Rate - Jessen AB, Toubro S, Astrup AEffect of chewing gum containing nicotine and caffeine on energy expenditure and substrate utilization in menAm J Clin Nutr.(2003 Jun)
    158. Metabolic Rate - Horton TJ, Geissler CAAspirin potentiates the effect of ephedrine on the thermogenic response to a meal in obese but not lean womenInt J Obes.(1991 May)