General Athletic Performance

    Researchedby:
    Louie Neri
    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    General athletic performance refers to an individual's ability to perform in various sports and physical activities, including strength, speed, endurance, and agility.

    examine-databaseExamine Database

    General Athletic Performance falls under the Muscle Gain & Exercise category.

    16,036 participants in 287 trials and 22 meta-analyses

    Examine Database: General Athletic Performance

    Creatine
    L-Carnitine
    Citrulline
    Sodium Bicarbonate
    Caffeine
    HMB
    Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)
    Beta-Alanine
    Betaine
    Coenzyme Q10
    Colostrum
    Whey Protein
    Arginine
    Ashwagandha
    Chromium
    DHEA
    Fish Oil
    Nitrate
    Spirulina
    Vitamin C
    16:8 Intermittent Fasting
    Conjugated Linoleic Acid
    Ephedrine
    Glutamine
    Green Tea Extract
    Iron
    L-Tyrosine
    Pyruvate
    Rhodiola Rosea
    Cannabis
    Capsaicin
    Choline
    Cocoa Extract
    Eleuthero
    Ginger
    Ketogenic Diet
    Magnesium
    Tribulus Terrestris
    Velvet Antler
    Vitamin D
    Alcohol
    Alpha-GPC
    Alpha-Lipoic Acid
    Anatabine
    Arachidonic Acid
    Black Ginger
    Blueberry
    Boron
    Branched-Chain Amino Acids
    Calcium
    D-Aspartic Acid
    Ecdysteroids
    Echinacea
    Fenugreek
    Gamma Oryzanol
    Garlic
    Leucic Acid
    Leucine
    MSM
    Molecular Hydrogen
    OMAD And 20:4 Intermittent Fasting
    Quercetin
    Red Light Therapy
    Resveratrol
    Saffron
    Soy Protein
    Taurine
    Terminalia Arjuna
    Theaflavins
    Theanine
    Ursolic Acid
    Vitamin B6
    Zinc

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Examine Database References

    1. Oxygen Uptake - Smith AE, Walter AA, Graef JL, Kendall KL, Moon JR, Lockwood CM, Fukuda DH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JREffects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trialJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2009 Feb 11)
    2. Oxygen Uptake - Jordan T, Lukaszuk J, Misic M, Umoren JEffect of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during treadmill running: Pre/post 2 treatment experimental designJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2010 May 19)
    3. Oxygen Uptake - Stout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy JEffects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in womenAmino Acids.(2007)
    4. Power Output - Hoffman J, Ratamess NA, Ross R, Kang J, Magrelli J, Neese K, Faigenbaum AD, Wise JABeta-alanine and the hormonal response to exerciseInt J Sports Med.(2008 Dec)
    5. Power Output - Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale CEffects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysisAmino Acids.(2012 Jul)
    6. Power Output - Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, Pottier A, Reyngoudt H, Koppo K, Wise JA, Achten Ebeta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprintersJ Appl Physiol.(2007 Nov)
    7. Anaerobic Capacity - Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein STThe effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activityJ Strength Cond Res.(2010 Jan)
    8. Fatigue Symptoms - Stout JR, Cramer JT, Mielke M, O'Kroy J, Torok DJ, Zoeller RFEffects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue thresholdJ Strength Cond Res.(2006 Nov)
    9. Oxygen Uptake - A M Renaud, Y CormierAcute effects of marihuana smoking on maximal exercise performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc.(1986 Dec)
    10. Aerobic Exercise Metrics - R D Steadward, M SinghThe effects of smoking marihuana on physical performanceMed Sci Sports.(Winter 1975)
    11. Oxygen Uptake - van Loon LJ, Oosterlaar AM, Hartgens F, Hesselink MK, Snow RJ, Wagenmakers AJEffects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humansClin Sci (Lond).(2003 Feb)
    12. Oxygen Uptake - Damien Gras, Charlotte Lanhers, Reza Bagheri, Ukadike Chris Ugbolue, Emmanuel Coudeyre, Bruno Pereira, Marek Zak, Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois, Frédéric DutheilCreatine supplementation and VO 2 max: a systematic review and meta-analysisCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Dec 3)
    13. Oxygen Uptake - Graef JL, Smith AE, Kendall KL, Fukuda DH, Moon JR, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JRThe effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trialJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2009 Nov 12)
    14. Muscle Mass - Manjarrez-Montes de Oca R, Farfán-González F, Camarillo-Romero S, Tlatempa-Sotelo P, Francisco-Argüelles C, Kormanowski A, González-Gallego J, Alvear-Ordenes IEffects of creatine supplementation in taekwondo practitionersNutr Hosp.(2013 Mar-Apr)
    15. Muscle Mass - Chilibeck PD, Stride D, Farthing JP, Burke DGEffect of creatine ingestion after exercise on muscle thickness in males and femalesMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2004 Oct)
    16. Muscle Mass - Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Burke DG, Mueller KD, Lewis JDEffect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adultsJ Strength Cond Res.(2011 Jul)
    17. Muscle Mass - Saremi A, Gharakhanloo R, Sharghi S, Gharaati MR, Larijani B, Omidfar KEffects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1Mol Cell Endocrinol.(2010 Apr 12)
    18. Muscle Mass - Arciero PJ, Hannibal NS 3rd, Nindl BC, Gentile CL, Hamed J, Vukovich MDComparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flowMetabolism.(2001 Dec)
    19. Muscle Mass - Branch JDEffect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysisInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2003 Jun)
    20. Muscle Mass - Kilduff LP, Pitsiladis YP, Tasker L, Attwood J, Hyslop P, Dailly A, Dickson I, Grant SEffects of creatine on body composition and strength gains after 4 weeks of resistance training in previously nonresistance-trained humansInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2003 Dec)
    21. Muscle Mass - Antonio J, Ciccone VThe effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strengthJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2013 Aug 6)
    22. Muscle Mass - Del Favero S, Roschel H, Artioli G, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V, Costa A, Barroso R, Negrelli AL, Otaduy MC, da Costa Leite C, Lancha-Junior AH, Gualano BCreatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performanceAmino Acids.(2011 Jul 9)
    23. Muscle Mass - Philip D Chilibeck, Mojtaba Kaviani, Darren G Candow, Gordon A ZelloEffect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysisOpen Access J Sports Med.(2017 Nov 2)
    24. Muscle Mass - Hoffman J, Ratamess N, Kang J, Mangine G, Faigenbaum A, Stout JEffect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2006 Aug)
    25. Muscle Mass - Chilibeck PD, Magnus C, Anderson MEffect of in-season creatine supplementation on body composition and performance in rugby union football playersAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2007 Dec)
    26. Muscle Mass - Forbes SC, Candow DG, Ostojic SM, Roberts MD, Chilibeck PDMeta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.Nutrients.(2021-Jun-02)
    27. Muscle Mass - Wu Y, Hu X, Chen LEffects of Creatine in Trained Athletes: A Meta-analysis of 21 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.Am J Ther.(2020)
    28. Aerobic Exercise Metrics - Reardon TF, Ruell PA, Fiatarone Singh MA, Thompson CH, Rooney KBCreatine supplementation does not enhance submaximal aerobic training adaptations in healthy young men and womenEur J Appl Physiol.(2006 Oct)
    29. Aerobic Exercise Metrics - Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, Coutts AJ, Richards DAEffects of creatine supplementation on aerobic power and cardiovascular structure and functionJ Sci Med Sport.(2005 Sep)
    30. Aerobic Exercise Metrics - Netreba I, Shenkman BS, Popov DV, Tarasova OS, Vdovina AB, Khotchenkov VP, Stekhanova TN, Vinogradova OLCreatine as a metabolic controller of skeletal muscles structure and function in strength exercises in humansRoss Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova.(2006 Jan)
    31. Aerobic Exercise Metrics - Mielgo-Ayuso J, Calleja-Gonzalez J, Marqués-Jiménez D, Caballero-García A, Córdova A, Fernández-Lázaro DEffects of Creatine Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2019-Mar-31)
    32. Lung Function - Faager G, Söderlund K, Sköld CM, Rundgren S, Tollbäck A, Jakobsson PCreatine supplementation and physical training in patients with COPD: a double blind, placebo-controlled studyInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.(2006)
    33. Heart Rate - Volek JS, Mazzetti SA, Farquhar WB, Barnes BR, Gómez AL, Kraemer WJPhysiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loadingMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2001 Jul)
    34. Heart Rate - Dabidi Roshan V, Babaei H, Hosseinzadeh M, Arendt-Nielsen LThe effect of creatine supplementation on muscle fatigue and physiological indices following intermittent swimming boutsJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2013 Jun)
    35. Blood Pressure - Armentano MJ, Brenner AK, Hedman TL, Solomon ZT, Chavez J, Kemper GB, Salzberg D, Battafarano DF, Christie DSThe effect and safety of short-term creatine supplementation on performance of push-upsMil Med.(2007 Mar)
    36. Muscle Creatine Content - Thompson CH, Kemp GJ, Sanderson AL, Dixon RM, Styles P, Taylor DJ, Radda GKEffect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmersBr J Sports Med.(1996 Sep)
    37. Muscle Creatine Content - Spillane M, Schoch R, Cooke M, Harvey T, Greenwood M, Kreider R, Willoughby DSThe effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levelsJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2009 Feb 19)
    38. Muscle Creatine Content - Nelson AG, Arnall DA, Kokkonen J, Day R, Evans JMuscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementationMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2001 Jul)
    39. Muscle Creatine Content - McConell GK, Shinewell J, Stephens TJ, Stathis CG, Canny BJ, Snow RJCreatine supplementation reduces muscle inosine monophosphate during endurance exercise in humansMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2005 Dec)
    40. Muscle Creatine Content - Jeffrey J Brault, Theodore F Towse, Jill M Slade, Ronald A MeyerParallel increases in phosphocreatine and total creatine in human vastus lateralis muscle during creatine supplementationInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2007 Dec)
    41. Muscle Creatine Content - Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Candow DG, Mahoney D, Tarnopolsky MEffect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetariansMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2003 Nov)
    42. Muscle Creatine Content - Watt KK, Garnham AP, Snow RJSkeletal muscle total creatine content and creatine transporter gene expression in vegetarians prior to and following creatine supplementationInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2004 Oct)
    43. Muscle Soreness - Kenji Doma, Akhilesh Kumar Ramachandran, Daniel Boullosa, Jonathan ConnorThe Paradoxical Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Damage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisSports Med.(2022 Feb 26)
    44. Muscle Soreness - Bethany Northeast, Tom CliffordThe Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention TrialsInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2021 Feb 24)
    45. Weight - Smith AE, Walter AA, Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Moon JR, Cramer JT, Stout JREffects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold during cycle ergometry in college-aged womenJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2007 Nov 26)
    46. Weight - Eckerson JM, Bull AA, Moore GAEffect of thirty days of creatine supplementation with phosphate salts on anaerobic working capacity and body weight in menJ Strength Cond Res.(2008 May)
    47. Weight - Kutz MR, Gunter MJCreatine monohydrate supplementation on body weight and percent body fatJ Strength Cond Res.(2003 Nov)
    48. Weight - Hoffman JR, Stout JR, Falvo MJ, Kang J, Ratamess NAEffect of low-dose, short-duration creatine supplementation on anaerobic exercise performanceJ Strength Cond Res.(2005 May)
    49. Weight - Eckerson JM, Stout JR, Moore GA, Stone NJ, Iwan KA, Gebauer AN, Ginsberg REffect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and womenJ Strength Cond Res.(2005 Nov)
    50. Weight - Eckerson JM, Stout JR, Moore GA, Stone NJ, Nishimura K, Tamura KEffect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in womenJ Strength Cond Res.(2004 Feb)
    51. Weight - Walter AA, Smith AE, Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Moon JR, Cramer JT, Stout JREffects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold in cycle ergometry in college-age menInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2008 Apr)
    52. Power Output - Law YL, Ong WS, GillianYap TL, Lim SC, Von Chia EEffects of two and five days of creatine loading on muscular strength and anaerobic power in trained athletesJ Strength Cond Res.(2009 May)
    53. Power Output - Volek JS, Ratamess NA, Rubin MR, Gómez AL, French DN, McGuigan MM, Scheett TP, Sharman MJ, Häkkinen K, Kraemer WJThe effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreachingEur J Appl Physiol.(2004 May)
    54. Power Output - Trent J Herda, Travis W Beck, Eric D Ryan, Abbie E Smith, Ashley A Walter, Michael J Hartman, Jeffrey R Stout, Joel T CramerEffects of creatine monohydrate and polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength, endurance, and power outputJ Strength Cond Res.(2009 May)
    55. Power Output - Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Campbell WI, Harvey TM, Marcello BM, Roberts MD, Parker AG, Byars AG, Greenwood LD, Almada AL, Kreider RB, Greenwood MThe effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptationsJ Strength Cond Res.(2009 Dec)
    56. Power Output - Jonathan P Little, Scott C Forbes, Darren G Candow, Stephen M Cornish, Philip D ChilibeckCreatine, arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, amino acids, and medium-chain triglycerides and endurance and performanceInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2008 Oct)
    57. Power Output - Tarnopolsky M, Martin JCreatine monohydrate increases strength in patients with neuromuscular diseaseNeurology.(1999 Mar 10)
    58. Power Output - Rawson ES, Volek JSEffects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on muscle strength and weightlifting performanceJ Strength Cond Res.(2003 Nov)
    59. Power Output - Ferguson TB, Syrotuik DGEffects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on body composition and strength indices in experienced resistance trained womenJ Strength Cond Res.(2006 Nov)
    60. Power Output - Chia-Lun Lee, Jung-Charng Lin, Ching-Feng ChengEffect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performanceEur J Appl Physiol.(2011 Aug)
    61. Power Output - Selsby JT, DiSilvestro RA, Devor STMg2+-creatine chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen improve exercise performanceJ Strength Cond Res.(2004 May)
    62. Power Output - Bemben MG, Witten MS, Carter JM, Eliot KA, Knehans AW, Bemben DAThe effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in middle-aged and older menJ Nutr Health Aging.(2010 Feb)
    63. Power Output - Bazzucchi I, Felici F, Sacchetti MEffect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular functionMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2009 Oct)
    64. Power Output - Kendall KL, Smith AE, Graef JL, Fukuda DH, Moon JR, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JREffects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged menJ Strength Cond Res.(2009 Sep)
    65. Power Output - Sakkas GK, Mulligan K, Dasilva M, Doyle JW, Khatami H, Schleich T, Kent-Braun JA, Schambelan MCreatine fails to augment the benefits from resistance training in patients with HIV infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyPLoS One.(2009)
    66. Power Output - Cramer JT, Stout JR, Culbertson JY, Egan ADEffects of creatine supplementation and three days of resistance training on muscle strength, power output, and neuromuscular functionJ Strength Cond Res.(2007 Aug)
    67. Power Output - Koçak S, Karli UEffects of high dose oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic capacity of elite wrestlersJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2003 Dec)
    68. Power Output - Charlotte Lanhers, Bruno Pereira, Geraldine Naughton, Marion Trousselard, François-Xavier Lesage, Frédéric DutheilCreatine Supplementation and Lower Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysesSports Med.(2015 Sep)
    69. Power Output - Carter JM, Bemben DA, Knehans AW, Bemben MG, Witten MSDoes nutritional supplementation influence adaptability of muscle to resistance training in men aged 48 to 72 yearsJ Geriatr Phys Ther.(2005)
    70. Power Output - Camic CL, Hendrix CR, Housh TJ, Zuniga JM, Mielke M, Johnson GO, Schmidt RJ, Housh DJThe effects of polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength and powerJ Strength Cond Res.(2010 Dec)
    71. Power Output - Lanhers C, Pereira B, Naughton G, Trousselard M, Lesage FX, Dutheil FCreatine Supplementation and Upper Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Med.(2017-Jan)
    72. Fatigue Resistance - Eric S Rawson, Michael J Stec, Sara J Frederickson, Mary P MilesLow-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gainNutrition.(2011 Apr)
    73. Fatigue Resistance - Stout JR, Sue Graves B, Cramer JT, Goldstein ER, Costa PB, Smith AE, Walter AAEffects of creatine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue threshold and muscle strength in elderly men and women (64 - 86 years)J Nutr Health Aging.(2007 Nov-Dec)
    74. Muscle Damage - Cooke MB, Rybalka E, Williams AD, Cribb PJ, Hayes ACreatine supplementation enhances muscle force recovery after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individualsJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2009 Jun 2)
    75. Growth Hormone - Schedel JM, Tanaka H, Kiyonaga A, Shindo M, Schutz YAcute creatine loading enhances human growth hormone secretionJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2000 Dec)
    76. Muscular Endurance - Ayoama R, Hiruma E, Sasaki HEffects of creatine loading on muscular strength and endurance of female softball playersJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2003 Dec)
    77. Anaerobic Capacity - Kinugasa R, Akima H, Ota A, Ohta A, Sugiura K, Kuno SYShort-term creatine supplementation does not improve muscle activation or sprint performance in humansEur J Appl Physiol.(2004 Mar)
    78. Anaerobic Capacity - Havenetidis K, Bourdas DCreatine supplementation: effects on urinary excretion and anaerobic performanceJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2003 Sep)
    79. IGF-1 - Louise Deldicque, Magali Louis, Daniel Theisen, Henri Nielens, Mischaël Dehoux, Jean-Paul Thissen, Michael J Rennie, Marc FrancauxIncreased IGF mRNA in human skeletal muscle after creatine supplementationMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2005 May)
    80. IGF-1 - Burke DG, Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, MacNeil LG, Roy BD, Tarnopolsky MA, Ziegenfuss TEffect of creatine supplementation and resistance-exercise training on muscle insulin-like growth factor in young adultsInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2008 Aug)
    81. Skeletal Muscle Atrophy - Johnston AP, Burke DG, MacNeil LG, Candow DGEffect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and enduranceJ Strength Cond Res.(2009 Jan)
    82. Hydration (Total Body Water) - Nicholas Sculthorpe, Fergal Grace, Peter Jones, Iain FletcherThe effect of short-term creatine loading on active range of movementAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2010 Aug)
    83. Satellite Cell Recruitment - Olsen S, Aagaard P, Kadi F, Tufekovic G, Verney J, Olesen JL, Suetta C, Kjaer MCreatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength trainingJ Physiol.(2006 Jun 1)
    84. Lower Body Strength - Dos Santos EEP, de Araújo RC, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Guijo JA, de Almeida Santana CC, Prado WLD, Botero JPEfficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2021-Oct-24)
    85. Oxygen Uptake - Morris DM, Beloni RK, Wheeler HEEffects of garlic consumption on physiological variables and performance during exercise in hypoxiaAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2013 Apr)
    86. Oxygen Uptake - Taylor DV, Boyajian JG, James N, Woods D, Chicz-Demet A, Wilson AF, Sandman CAAcidosis stimulates beta-endorphin release during exerciseJ Appl Physiol.(1994 Oct)
    87. Oxygen Uptake - Edge J, Bishop D, Goodman CEffects of chronic NaHCO3 ingestion during interval training on changes to muscle buffer capacity, metabolism, and short-term endurance performanceJ Appl Physiol.(2006 Sep)
    88. Power Output - Cameron SL, McLay-Cooke RT, Brown RC, Gray AR, Fairbairn KAIncreased blood pH but not performance with sodium bicarbonate supplementation in elite rugby union playersInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2010 Aug)
    89. Power Output - Webster MJ, Webster MN, Crawford RE, Gladden LBEffect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on exhaustive resistance exercise performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc.(1993 Aug)
    90. Power Output - Price M, Moss P, Rance SEffects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on prolonged intermittent exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2003 Aug)
    91. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - L Mc Naughton, D ThompsonAcute versus chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion and anaerobic work and power outputJ Sports Med Phys Fitness.(2001 Dec)
    92. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Potteiger JA, Webster MJ, Nickel GL, Haub MD, Palmer RJThe effects of buffer ingestion on metabolic factors related to distance running performanceEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.(1996)
    93. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - D Ball, P L Greenhaff, R J MaughanThe acute reversal of a diet-induced metabolic acidosis does not restore endurance capacity during high-intensity exercise in manEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.(1996)
    94. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Portington KJ, Pascoe DD, Webster MJ, Anderson LH, Rutland RR, Gladden LBEffect of induced alkalosis on exhaustive leg press performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc.(1998 Apr)
    95. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Lambert CP, Greenhaff PL, Ball D, Maughan RJInfluence of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on plasma ammonia accumulation during incremental exercise in manEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.(1993)
    96. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Bouissou P, Defer G, Guezennec CY, Estrade PY, Serrurier BMetabolic and blood catecholamine responses to exercise during alkalosisMed Sci Sports Exerc.(1988 Jun)
    97. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Bishop D, Edge J, Davis C, Goodman CInduced metabolic alkalosis affects muscle metabolism and repeated-sprint abilityMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2004 May)
    98. Anaerobic Capacity - McNaughton L, Backx K, Palmer G, Strange NEffects of chronic bicarbonate ingestion on the performance of high-intensity workEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.(1999 Sep)
    99. Anaerobic Capacity - Costill DL, Verstappen F, Kuipers H, Janssen E, Fink WAcid-base balance during repeated bouts of exercise: influence of HCO3Int J Sports Med.(1984 Oct)
    100. Blood Acidity - Siegler JC, Midgley AW, Polman RC, Lever REffects of various sodium bicarbonate loading protocols on the time-dependent extracellular buffering profileJ Strength Cond Res.(2010 Sep)
    101. Oxygen Uptake - Shenoy S, Chaskar U, Sandhu JS, Paadhi MMEffects of eight-week supplementation of Ashwagandha on cardiorespiratory endurance in elite Indian cyclistsJ Ayurveda Integr Med.(2012 Oct)
    102. Oxygen Uptake - Sandhu JS, Shah B, Shenoy S, Chauhan S, Lavekar GS, Padhi MMEffects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) on physical performance and cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy young adultsInt J Ayurveda Res.(2010 Jul)
    103. Muscle Mass - Ziegenfuss TN, Kedia AW, Sandrock JE, Raub BJ, Kerksick CM, Lopez HLEffects of an Aqueous Extract of Withania somnifera on Strength Training Adaptations and Recovery: The STAR TrialNutrients.(2018 Nov 20)
    104. Muscle Mass - Raut AA, Rege NN, Tadvi FM, Solanki PV, Kene KR, Shirolkar SG, Pandey SN, Vaidya RA, Vaidya ABExploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in healthy volunteersJ Ayurveda Integr Med.(2012 Jul)
    105. Body Fat - Wankhede S, Langade D, Joshi K, Sinha SR, Bhattacharyya SExamining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trialJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2015 Nov 25)
    106. Oxygen Uptake - Jingguo Cao, Siman Lei, Xiuqiang Wang, Sulin ChengThe Effect of a Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet on Aerobic Capacity and Exercise Performance in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNutrients.(2021 Aug 23)
    107. Oxygen Uptake - Urbain P, Strom L, Morawski L, Wehrle A, Deibert P, Bertz HImpact of a 6-week non-energy-restricted ketogenic diet on physical fitness, body composition and biochemical parameters in healthy adultsNutr Metab (Lond).(2017 Feb 20)
    108. Oxygen Uptake - Richards JC, Lonac MC, Johnson TK, Schweder MM, Bell CEpigallocatechin-3-gallate increases maximal oxygen uptake in adult humansMed Sci Sports Exerc.(2010 Apr)
    109. Muscle Soreness - Kerksick CM, Kreider RB, Willoughby DSIntramuscular adaptations to eccentric exercise and antioxidant supplementationAmino Acids.(2010 Jun)
    110. Fat Oxidation - Ichinose T, Nomura S, Someya Y, Akimoto S, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi KEffect of endurance training supplemented with green tea extract on substrate metabolism during exercise in humansScand J Med Sci Sports.(2011 Aug)
    111. Oxygen Uptake - Buckley JD, Abbott MJ, Brinkworth GD, Whyte PBBovine colostrum supplementation during endurance running training improves recovery, but not performanceJ Sci Med Sport.(2002 Jun)
    112. Muscle Mass - Antonio J, Sanders MS, Van Gammeren DThe effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and womenNutrition.(2001 Mar)
    113. Muscle Mass - Hofman Z, Smeets R, Verlaan G, Lugt Rv, Verstappen PAThe effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in elite field hockey playersInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2002 Dec)
    114. Muscle Mass - Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Slavotinek JP, Kurmis APEffect of bovine colostrum supplementation on the composition of resistance trained and untrained limbs in healthy young menEur J Appl Physiol.(2004 Jan)
    115. Weight - Buckley JD, Brinkworth GD, Abbott MJEffect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor IJ Sports Sci.(2003 Jul)
    116. Power Output - Mero A, Nykänen T, Keinänen O, Knuutinen J, Lahti K, Alen M, Rasi S, Leppäluoto JProtein metabolism and strength performance after bovine colostrum supplementationAmino Acids.(2005 May)
    117. Blood Lactate (Exercise) - Carol A, Witkamp RF, Wichers HJ, Mensink MBovine colostrum supplementation's lack of effect on immune variables during short-term intense exercise in well-trained athletesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2011 Apr)
    118. Oxygen Uptake - C Greig, K M Finch, D A Jones, M Cooper, A J Sargeant, C A ForteThe effect of oral supplementation with L-carnitine on maximum and submaximum exercise capacityEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.(1987)
    119. Oxygen Uptake - L Vecchiet, F Di Lisa, G Pieralisi, P Ripari, R Menabò, M A Giamberardino, N SiliprandiInfluence of L-carnitine administration on maximal physical exerciseEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol.(1990)
    120. Oxygen Uptake - E P Brass, C L Hoppel, W R HiattEffect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humansClin Pharmacol Ther.(1994 Jun)
    121. Oxygen Uptake - Wall BT, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Marimuthu K, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PLChronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humansJ Physiol.(2011 Feb 15)
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