Homocysteine

    Last Updated: January 31, 2024

    Homocysteine is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease, and it is thought that higher circulating levels of homocysteine are indicative of a higher risk for cardiovascular incidents.

    examine-databaseExamine Database
    12,662 participants in 44 trials

    Examine Database: Homocysteine

    Betaine
    A
    Large Improvement
    Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
    C
    Moderate Improvement
    Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
    A
    Large Improvement
    S-adenosylmethionine
    Saffron
    Vitamin E
    Magnesium
    Fish Oil
    Garlic
    Ketogenic Diet
    Curcumin
    Kefir
    Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
    Chlorogenic Acid
    Hesperidin
    Red Clover Extract
    Boron
    Green Coffee Extract
    Apple Cider Vinegar
    Cocoa Extract
    N-Acetylcysteine
    Creatine
    16:8 Intermittent Fasting

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Examine Database References

    1. S-adenosylmethionine - F M Loehrer, R Schwab, C P Angst, W E Haefeli, B FowlerInfluence of oral S-adenosylmethionine on plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine and methionine in healthy humansJ Pharmacol Exp Ther.(1997 Aug)
    2. Betaine - Schwab U, Törrönen A, Toppinen L, Alfthan G, Saarinen M, Aro A, Uusitupa MBetaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(2002 Nov)
    3. Kefir - Ezgi Bellikci-Koyu, Banu Pınar Sarer-Yurekli, Yakut Akyon, Fadime Aydin-Kose, Cem Karagozlu, Ahmet Gokhan Ozgen, Annika Brinkmann, Andreas Nitsche, Koray Ergunay, Engin Yilmaz, Zehra BuyuktuncerEffects of Regular Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled StudyNutrients.(2019 Sep 4)
    4. Garlic - Avci A, Atli T, Ergüder IB, Varli M, Devrim E, Aras S, Durak IEffects of garlic consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in elderly subjectsGerontology.(2008)
    5. 16:8 Intermittent Fasting - Kelsey Gabel, Kristin K Hoddy, Nicole Haggerty, Jeehee Song, Cynthia M Kroeger, John F Trepanowski, Satchidananda Panda, Krista A VaradyEffects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot studyNutr Healthy Aging.(2018 Jun 15)
    6. Fish Oil - Pooya Sh, Jalali MD, Jazayery AD, Saedisomeolia A, Eshraghian MR, Toorang FThe efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels of type 2 diabetic patientsNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2010 Jun)
    7. Betaine - Margreet R Olthof, Michiel L Bots, Martijn B Katan, and Petra VerhoefEffect of Folic Acid and Betaine Supplementation on Flow-Mediated Dilation: A Randomized, Controlled Study in Healthy VolunteersPLoS.()
    8. Green Coffee Extract - Ochiai R, Jokura H, Suzuki A, Tokimitsu I, Ohishi M, Komai N, Rakugi H, Ogihara TGreen coffee bean extract improves human vasoreactivityHypertens Res.(2004 Oct)
    9. Betaine - Schwab U, Törrönen A, Meririnne E, Saarinen M, Alfthan G, Aro A, Uusitupa MOrally administered betaine has an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum betaine and plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy humansJ Nutr.(2006 Jan)
    10. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - McKinley MC, McNulty H, McPartlin J, Strain JJ, Scott JMEffect of riboflavin supplementation on plasma homocysteine in elderly people with low riboflavin statusEur J Clin Nutr.(2002 Sep)
    11. Creatine - Korzun WJOral creatine supplements lower plasma homocysteine concentrations in humansClin Lab Sci.(2004 Spring)
    12. Saffron - Hajieh Shahbazian, Armaghan Moravej Aleali, Reza Amani, Foroogh Namjooyan, Bahman Cheraghian, Seyed Mahmoud Latifi, Sara Bahrainian, Ataallah GhadiriEffects of saffron on homocysteine, and antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind clinical trialAvicenna J Phytomed.(Sep-Oct 2019)
    13. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - Tavares NR, Moreira PA, Amaral TFRiboflavin supplementation and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in the elderlyJ Nutr Health Aging.(2009 May)
    14. S-adenosylmethionine - Gören JL, Stoll AL, Damico KE, Sarmiento IA, Cohen BMBioavailability and lack of toxicity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in humansPharmacotherapy.(2004 Nov)
    15. Cocoa Extract - Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Lippi C, Casale R, Properzi G, Blumberg JB, Ferri CBlood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolateJ Nutr.(2008 Sep)
    16. Hesperidin - Rizza S, Muniyappa R, Iantorno M, Kim JA, Chen H, Pullikotil P, Senese N, Tesauro M, Lauro D, Cardillo C, Quon MJCitrus polyphenol hesperidin stimulates production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells while improving endothelial function and reducing inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2011 May)
    17. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - Naghashpour M, Majdinasab N, Shakerinejad G, Kouchak M, Haghighizadeh MH, Jarvandi F, Hajinajaf SRiboflavin supplementation to patients with multiple sclerosis does not improve disability status nor is riboflavin supplementation correlated to homocysteineInt J Vitam Nutr Res.(2013)
    18. Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) - Hill MH, Flatley JE, Barker ME, Garner CM, Manning NJ, Olpin SE, Moat SJ, Russell J, Powers HJA vitamin B-12 supplement of 500 μg/d for eight weeks does not normalize urinary methylmalonic acid or other biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status in elderly people with moderately poor vitamin B-12 statusJ Nutr.(2013 Feb)
    19. Ketogenic Diet - Keogh JB, Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, Belobrajdic DP, Buckley JD, Clifton PMEffects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesityAm J Clin Nutr.(2008 Mar)
    20. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - McNulty H, Dowey le RC, Strain JJ, Dunne A, Ward M, Molloy AM, McAnena LB, Hughes JP, Hannon-Fletcher M, Scott JMRiboflavin lowers homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphismCirculation.(2006 Jan 3)
    21. Betaine - Steenge GR, Verhoef P, Katan MBBetaine supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine in healthy men and womenJ Nutr.(2003 May)
    22. Fish Oil - G Fontani, F Corradeschi, A Felici, F Alfatti, R Bugarini, A I Fiaschi, D Cerretani, G Montorfano, A M Rizzo, B BerraBlood profiles, body fat and mood state in healthy subjects on different diets supplemented with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsEur J Clin Invest.(2005 Aug)
    23. Red Clover Extract - Samman S, Koh HS, Flood VM, Blakesmith SJ, Petocz P, Lyons-Wall PMRed clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones and serum homocysteine in premenopausal women: a pilot studyJ Womens Health (Larchmt).(2009 Nov)
    24. S-adenosylmethionine - Thompson MA, Bauer BA, Loehrer LL, Cha SS, Mandrekar JN, Sood A, Wahner-Roedler DLDietary supplement S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) effects on plasma homocysteine levels in healthy human subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trialJ Altern Complement Med.(2009 May)
    25. Betaine - Alfthan G, Tapani K, Nissinen K, Saarela J, Aro AThe effect of low doses of betaine on plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteersBr J Nutr.(2004 Oct)
    26. Betaine - Brouwer IA, Verhoef P, Urgert RBetaine supplementation and plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteersArch Intern Med.(2000 Sep 11)
    27. Boron - Rogoveanu OC, Mogoşanu GD, Bejenaru C, Bejenaru LE, Croitoru O, Neamţu J, Pietrzkowski Z, Reyes-Izquierdo T, Biţă A, Scorei ID, Scorei RIEffects of Calcium Fructoborate on Levels of C-Reactive Protein, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, Triglycerides, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1: a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical StudyBiol Trace Elem Res.(2015 Feb)
    28. Betaine - Atkinson W, Slow S, Elmslie J, Lever M, Chambers ST, George PMDietary and supplementary betaine: effects on betaine and homocysteine concentrations in malesNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2009 Dec)
    29. Apple Cider Vinegar - Gheflati A, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Reza JZ, Kord MT, Nadjarzadeh AThe effect of apple vinegar consumption on glycemic indices, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and homocysteine in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: A randomized controlled clinical trialClin Nutr ESPEN.(2019 Oct)
    30. Chlorogenic Acid - Olthof MR, Hollman PC, Zock PL, Katan MBConsumption of high doses of chlorogenic acid, present in coffee, or of black tea increases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humansAm J Clin Nutr.(2001 Mar)
    31. Vitamin E - McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Nieman DC, Morrow JD, Shooter LA, Holmes S, Heward C, Henson DAEffect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on plasma homocysteine and oxidative stress in highly trained athletes before and after exhaustive exerciseJ Nutr Biochem.(2005 Sep)
    32. Betaine - Schwab U, Alfthan G, Aro A, Uusitupa MLong-term effect of betaine on risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in healthy subjectsEur J Clin Nutr.(2011 Jan)
    33. Curcumin - Campbell MS, Ouyang A, I M K, Charnigo RJ, Westgate PM, Fleenor BSInfluence of enhanced bioavailable curcumin on obesity-associated cardiovascular disease risk factors and arterial function: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trialNutrition.(2019 Jun)
    34. Vitamin E - Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Pedrosa M, Diamond R, Schaefer EJAssessment of the safety of supplementation with different amounts of vitamin E in healthy older adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(1998 Aug)
    35. Betaine - Margreet R. Olthof, Trinette van Vliet, Esther Boelsma, and Petra VerhoefLow Dose Betaine Supplementation Leads to Immediate and Long Term Lowering of Plasma Homocysteine in Healthy Men and WomenThe Journal of Nutrition.()
    36. Saffron - Gholamali Jelodar, Zahra Javid, Ali Sahraian, Sina JelodarSaffron improved depression and reduced homocysteine level in patients with major depression: A Randomized, double-blind studyAvicenna J Phytomed.(Jan-Feb 2018)
    37. Garlic - Budoff MJ, Takasu J, Flores FR, Niihara Y, Lu B, Lau BH, Rosen RT, Amagase HInhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary studyPrev Med.(2004 Nov)
    38. Magnesium - Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Molina-López J, Gamarra-Morales Y, López-González B, Miralles-Adell C, Planells EResponse of Vitamin D after Magnesium Intervention in a Postmenopausal Population from the Province of Granada, Spain.Nutrients.(2020-Jul-30)
    39. Magnesium - Ali Reza Sobhani, Hossein Farshidi, Fariba Azarkish, Mahdiya Eslami, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Mansoor Keshavarz, Nepton SoltaniMagnesium Sulfate Improves Some Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Patients Suffering from One or Two Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-blind Clinical Trial StudyClin Pharmacol.(2020 Sep 25)
    40. N-Acetylcysteine - Faghfouri AH, Zarezadeh M, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Radkhah N, Faghfuri E, Kord-Varkaneh H, Tan SC, Ostadrahimi AThe effects of N-acetylcysteine on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.Eur J Pharmacol.(2020-Oct-05)
    41. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - Sudchada P, Saokaew S, Sridetch S, Incampa S, Jaiyen S, Khaithong WEffect of folic acid supplementation on plasma total homocysteine levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes Res Clin Pract.(2012-Oct)
    42. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - Homocysteine Lowering Trialists' CollaborationDose-dependent effects of folic acid on blood concentrations of homocysteine: a meta-analysis of the randomized trialsAm J Clin Nutr.(2005 Oct)
    43. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - Xin Yi, Yanli Zhou, Dingsheng Jiang, Xiaoyan Li, Yi Guo, Xuejun JiangEfficacy of folic acid supplementation on endothelial function and plasma homocysteine concentration in coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsExp Ther Med.(2014 May)
    44. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - Wang WW, Wang XS, Zhang ZR, He JC, Xie CLA Meta-Analysis of Folic Acid in Combination with Anti-Hypertension Drugs in Patients with Hypertension and Hyperhomocysteinemia.Front Pharmacol.(2017)